Nicotine: Cognition-Affect Interactions

尼古丁：认知影响相互作用

• 批准号: 6881604
• 负责人: DAVID G GILBERT
• 金额: $ 26.97万
• 依托单位: SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6881604
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; cognition; emotions; eye movements; human subject; nicotine; pharmacokinetics; psychopharmacology; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objective of this revised proposal is to characterize more fully when, how, and in whom nicotine modulates affect and attention to emotional stimuli. It is hypothesized that nicotine attenuates attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli and associative processing of such stimuli, thereby decreasing negative emotional states. This attenuation of negative attentional bias and associative processing by nicotine is hypothesized to result from nicotine's enhancing attentional and associative bias to positive and neutral stimuli that in turn compete with and inhibit negative affect-related processing. Nicotine-induced attentional and associative biasing is hypothesized to occur most strongly in situations where the frequency of negative stimuli is moderate or low and the subject has a significant degree of freedom of attentional choice. Thus, the effects of attentional choice (two-picture viewing) versus no-choice (one picture viewing) conditions on nicotine's ability to reduce negative affect will be assessed by presenting blocks with a series of 64 single or dual pictures on a computer. Mood will be assessed before and after each picture series block. The frequency of negative pictures in these series will be manipulated (either 16 [low frequency] or 48 [high frequency]). In the no-choice task, single pictures will be presented centrally on the computer screen. In the two-choice task, dual picture images will be presented simultaneously in the left and right visual field. Picture series blocks (64 single or dual pictures) will consist of the following 4.5 sec. sequence: the word "blink", a fixation cross, and a picture (or dual picture). In the two-choice condition, subjects will be instructed to allocate as much or little of their gaze time to a given picture, but to always be gazing at one of two pictures. In the no-choice condition, subjects will be required to maintain a 3 sec. gaze at each picture. Neutral or positive pictures will be interspersed in both the two-choice and no-choice tasks. Eye-gaze patterns during the two-choice task and no-choice task will be obtained with an infrared, computerized tracking system. In the two-choice task, maximal dysphoria-reducing effects of nicotine are predicted to occur during blocks with a high frequency of negative pictures. Nicotine is predicted to reduce gaze directed toward negative pictures and to enhance attention to positive pictures. In the no-choice task, nicotine is expected to have maximal dysphoria-reducing effects when a low frequency of negative pictures is combined with intervening positive pictures. Potential moderating influences of gender, smoker-nonsmoker status, and individual differences in trait anxiety, depression, and anhedonia will be assessed with regression analyses. This work will use new experimental procedures and technologies, including the precise assessment to individual differences in continuously monitored eye-gaze patterns with an infrared, computerized tracking system. The new knowledge derived from these studies will be useful in developing empirical model-based treatment strategies aimed at increasing smoking abstinence.

描述（由申请人提供）：本修订提案的主要目的是更全面地描述尼古丁何时、如何以及在谁身上调节对情绪刺激的影响和注意力。 据推测，尼古丁减弱了对负面情绪刺激的注意偏差和对这些刺激的联想处理，从而减少了负面情绪状态。尼古丁对负性注意偏差和联想加工的这种衰减被假设是由于尼古丁增强了对正性和中性刺激的注意和联想偏差，而正性和中性刺激又与负性影响相关加工竞争并抑制负性影响相关加工。尼古丁诱导的注意力和联想偏置的假设发生最强烈的情况下，负刺激的频率是中等或低，受试者有一个显着的自由度的注意力的选择。因此，将通过在计算机上呈现具有一系列64张单或双图片的区块来评估注意力选择（观看两张图片）与无选择（观看一张图片）条件对尼古丁减少负面影响的能力的影响。情绪将在每个图片系列块之前和之后进行评估。这些系列中的负片图片的频率将被操纵（16 [低频]或48 [高频]）。在无选择任务中，单个图片将集中呈现在计算机屏幕上。在二选一任务中，两幅图片同时出现在左右视野中。图片系列块（64张单张或双张图片）将由以下4.5秒组成。序列：单词“眨眼”、注视十字和图片（或双重图片）。在二选一的条件下，受试者将被指示分配或多或少的凝视时间给给定的图片，但总是盯着两张图片之一。在无选择条件下，受试者将被要求保持3秒。凝视着每一张照片。中性或积极的图片将穿插在两个选择和无选择的任务。在两个选择任务和无选择任务的眼睛注视模式将获得红外线，计算机跟踪系统。在二选一任务中，尼古丁的最大减少焦虑的作用预计发生在负面图片频率高的区块期间。尼古丁可以减少人们对负面图片的注视，提高人们对正面图片的注意力。在无选择任务中，当低频率的负面图片与干预的正面图片相结合时，尼古丁预期具有最大的减少焦虑的作用。将采用回归分析评估性别、吸烟者-非吸烟者状态以及特质焦虑、抑郁和快感缺乏的个体差异的潜在调节影响。这项工作将使用新的实验程序和技术，包括用红外线计算机跟踪系统对连续监测的眼睛注视模式中的个体差异进行精确评估。从这些研究中获得的新知识将有助于开发旨在提高戒烟率的基于经验模型的治疗策略。

项目成果

Effects of nicotine and depressive traits on affective priming of lateralized emotional word identification.

• DOI: 10.1037/a0012871
• 发表时间: 2008-08
• 期刊: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Gilbert, David G.;Carlson, Joshua M.;Riise, Hege;Rabinovich, Norka E.;Sugai, Chihiro;Froeliger, Brett
• 通讯作者: Froeliger, Brett

Marijuana and tobacco exposure predict affect-regulation expectancies in dual users.

大麻和烟草暴露预测双重用户的情感调节期望值。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.002
• 发表时间: 2008-11
• 期刊: ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Martens, K. M.;Gilbert, David G.
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, David G.

APOE genotype influences P3b amplitude and response to smoking abstinence in young adults.

APOE 基因型影响年轻人的 P3b 幅度和对戒烟的反应。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05763-5
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Psychopharmacology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Coppens,Ryan;Rabinovich,NorkaE;Kanneganti,Raghuveer;Diggs,HermanA;Wiggs,Kristin;Healey,Travis;Huggenvik,Jodi;Rose,GregoryM;Gilbert,DavidG
• 通讯作者: Gilbert,DavidG