EEG & Behavioral Predictors of Changes in Smoking Trajectories in Young Light Smo

描述（由申请方提供）：该提案旨在通过一项纵向设计，使用多个新型预测因子，包括基线时EEG和奖赏敏感性的个体差异（ID）以及对标准化和自我选择的急性尼古丁剂量（ANIC）的响应，确定128名年轻轻度吸烟者（YLS）中吸烟率和尼古丁依赖性变化进展的大脑、行为和自我报告预测因子。α 5烟碱受体亚基中一个引人注目的遗传功能变异多态性rs 16969968的关联也与吸烟进展和ANIC反应有关。预测因素将是注意力、情感和奖励相关过程，这些过程用大脑（皮层电）、行为和自我报告指数进行评估，这些指数在尼古丁依赖（ND）吸烟者中被充分验证为对ANIC有反应。有证据表明，对第一次吸烟经历的最初反应、从轻度吸烟到常规吸烟的进展以及向ND的进展受到遗传和环境因素的影响。有很好的理由假设，更好地表征ID的ANIC的影响，注意力，情绪和大脑反应性在YLS将提供重要的见解的机制，有助于加强吸烟和吸烟轨迹在YLS。这些信息可能会导致有针对性的药物治疗和行为干预的风险YLS。以下假设将在YLS人群中进行测试：1）ANIC将增加注意力表现，情绪，以及通过情绪负面的图片和文字来抵抗分心，并且这些有益的（强化）效果将预测3，6，12和18个月后吸烟率的变化，2）较低的基线注意力和情绪水平将预测随访时吸烟的增加。3)低EEG活动（高theta和alpha功率）、降低的P3 b振幅和负价分心物后P3 b对目标的更大降低的皮层电（EEG、ERP和源定位分析）指数将预测尼古丁剥夺状态期间吸烟增加，并且4）即使在控制可能促进吸烟变化的社会因素后，假设1-3也将得到支持。次要探索性分析将包括α 5-α 3-β 4烟碱受体基因簇的功能变异多态性rs 16969968与吸烟变化和其他变化预测因子（包括对ANIC的反应）的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposal is to identify brain, behavioral, and self-report predictors of progression to changes in smoking rate and nicotine dependence in 128 young light smokers (YLS) in a longitudinal design using a number of novel predictors, including individual differences (IDs) in EEG and reward sensitivity at baseline and in response to standardized and to self-selected acute nicotine doses (ANIC). The associations of a compelling genetic functional variant polymorphism, rs16969968, in the alpha5 nicotinic receptor subunit will also be related to smoking progression and ANIC responses. The predictors will be attentional, affective, and reward-related processes assessed with brain (electrocortical), behavioral, and self-report indices that are well validated as responsive to ANIC in nicotine-dependent (ND) smokers. Evidence indicates that initial responses to first smoking experience, progression from light to regular smoking, and progression to ND are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. There is good reason to hypothesize that better characterization of IDs in the effects of ANIC on attention, mood, and brain reactivity in YLS will provide important insights into mechanisms that contribute to the reinforcement of smoking and smoking trajectories in YLS. Such information could lead to targeted pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for at-risk YLS. The following hypotheses would be tested in a population of YLS: 1) ANIC will increase attention performance, mood, and resistance distraction by emotionally negatively valent pictures and words and that these beneficial (reinforcing) effects will predict changes in smoking rate 3, 6, 12, and 18 months later, 2) Lower baseline attentional and emotional levels will predict greater increases in smoking at the follow-ups. 3) Electrocortical (EEG, ERP, and source localization analyses) indices of low EEG activity (high theta & alpha power), reduced P3b amplitude, and greater reductions in P3b to targets following negatively valent distractor will predict increased smoking during nicotine deprived states and 4) hypotheses 1-3 will be supported even after controlling for social factors that may promote change in smoking. Secondary exploratory analyses will include the relationships of the functional variant polymorphism rs16969968 of the alpha5-alpha3-beta4 nicotinic receptor gene cluster to changes in smoking and to other predictors of change, including responses to ANIC.