Understanding the support needs of the dependents of modern slavery survivors: An embedded case study.

据估计，全球有4030万人被奴役，其中包括英国的136，000人（全球奴隶制指数，2018）。国家转介机制是联合王国支助遭受剥削后幸存者的正式途径。2019年，有10，627名现代奴隶制的潜在受害者被转介到NRM：比2018年增加了52%（内政部，2020年）。英国的现代奴隶制幸存者来自100多个不同的国家，其中来自阿尔巴尼亚、越南、中国和印度的人数特别多。所有被转介到NRM并获得积极理由决定的幸存者都可以获得广泛的支持，大量的研究考察了幸存者因现代奴隶制而产生的健康和社会需求。对于成年人，虽然人们认识到幸存者可能有家属（例如，在儿童方面，在承认他们的具体需要方面存在着重大差距。受抚养人和家庭的健康和社会支持需求在英国文献中报道不足，有关现代奴隶制幸存者护理的主要信息来源，包括英国现代奴隶制护理标准2018，最低限度地引用受抚养人。除此之外，大多数国家转介程序都侧重于被转介的成年人，并假设成年人能够为其受抚养人提供适当的支助需求，这极大地阻碍了成年人及其受抚养人的康复能力。无人陪伴的未成年人支助和成年人支助，有陪伴的未成年人和受抚养的成年人在差距之间。此外，作为依赖规定不通过NRM合同资助，供应商往往选择远离家庭伴侣的支持，特别是，安全的住宿支持，这是显着缺乏在英国。研究目标和problemsThis博士学位将探讨经验，需求和支持提供的那些谁幸存下来的现代奴隶制的家属，以填补重要的证据空白，并告知政策和NRM的变化。目的是形成一种数据驱动的、理论上知情的理解，这可能对服务的发展和支助的提供产生重大影响。它将包括以下问题：（1）现代奴隶制幸存者的家属在身体、精神和社会支持方面的需求是什么？(2)哪些因素会促进或阻碍家属获得支持？(3)家属用来维持健康和幸福的优势、应对策略和能力是什么？MethodologyThis博士将与城市之心，英国现代奴隶制慈善机构的合作研究。将进行一项利用观察和访谈的定性案例研究。将开发一种以“驻地研究员”模式（Vindrola-Padros et al. 2019）为基础的参与式方法，包括研究人员、从业人员和使用服务的人（例如，现代奴隶制的幸存者及其家属）。共同定位是这种方法的一个核心特征，不仅有助于深入了解提供和接受支持的过程和经验，而且还通过技能和知识的转移在东道国组织内发展研究能力。其结果将为正在进行的内政部NRM转型和相关政策提供信息，此外还有学术出版物;还将编写政策简报和从业人员报告，以促进更广泛的知识交流。“驻地研究员”的方法也将促进研究结果在城市之心的实践和服务交付中的快速吸收。

An estimated 40.3 million people are enslaved worldwide, including 136,000 in the UK (Global Slavery Index, 2018). The National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is the official route for supporting survivor's post-exploitation in the UK. In 2019, 10,627 potential victims of modern slavery were referred to the NRM: a 52% increase from 2018 (Home Office, 2020). Modern slavery survivors in the UK come from more than 100 different countries, with particularly high numbers from Albania, Vietnam, China and India.Wide ranging support is available to all survivors who are referred to the NRM and receive a positive grounds decision, with a wealth of research examining the health and social needs survivors have as a result of modern slavery. For adults, while there is a recognition that survivors may have dependents (e.g., children), there is a significant gap in the acknowledgement of their specific needs. The health and social support needs of dependents and families are under-reported in UK literature, with main sources of information regarding the care of modern slavery survivors, including the UK Modern Slavery Care Standards 2018, minimally referencing dependents. Alongside this, the majority of NRM processes are focused on the referred adult, with the assumption that the adult can provide suitable support needs for their dependent, which greatly hinders the ability of both the adult and their dependent to rehabilitate.As such, modern slavery entitlements within the UK currently present as two separate provisions; unaccompanied minor support, and adult support, with accompanied minors and dependent adults falling through the gap. Moreover, as dependent provisions are not funded through the NRM contract, providers tend to opt away from family-partner support, in particular, safe accommodation support, which is significantly lacking in the UK.Research Aim and QuestionsThis PhD studentship will explore the experiences, needs and support provision for dependents of those who have survived modern slavery to fill important evidence gaps and inform policy and NRM change. The aim will be to develop a data driven, theoretically informed understanding that could have significant implications for the development of services and support provision. It will include questions such as;(1) What are the physical, mental, and social support needs of dependents of modern slavery survivors?(2) What are the factors that facilitator or hinder dependents in accessing support?(3) What are the strengths, coping strategies and resiliencies that dependents use to maintain their health and wellbeing?MethodologyThis PhD will be a collaborative study with City Hearts, a UK modern slavery charity. A qualitative, case study utilising observation and interviews will be undertaken. A participatory approach underpinned by the "researcher in residence" model (Vindrola-Padros et al. 2019) will be developed, embracing the co-creation of knowledge between researchers, practitioners and those who use services (e.g., survivors of modern slavery and their dependents). Co-location is a central feature of this approach, not only facilitating an in-depth understanding of the processes and experiences involved in providing and receiving support, but also developing research capacity within the host organisation through the transfer of skills and knowledge.The results will look to inform the ongoing Home Office NRM transformation and related policy, and in addition to academic publication; policy briefings and practitioner reports will also be produced to facilitate wider knowledge exchange. The "researcher in residence" approach will also facilitate the rapid uptake of findings into practice and service delivery within City Hearts.