DEVELOPMENT OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR SPEECH ATTRIBUTES
言语属性短期记忆的发展
基本信息
- 批准号:6896427
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 25.78万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:1985
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1985-06-01 至 2006-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:academic achievementadolescence (12-20)age differenceattentionauditory stimulusbehavior testbehavioral /social science research tagchild psychologyclinical researchcomputershuman subjectlanguage developmentmiddle childhood (6-11)neural information processingshort term memoryspeechstatistics /biometrystimulus intervalverbal learningvisual stimulusyoung adult human (21-34)
项目摘要
Working memory (WM) can be defined as the amount of information that can be held in the mind and manipulated in order to allow the completion of a mental task such as comprehension, problem-solving, or serial recall. WM often is measured with tasks that require the storage and processing of information at the same tome. Past research shows that individual and developmental differences in WM are important for such complex cognitive tasks, but it is not yet clear what basic processes underlie WM measures and their developmental change. This revised competing continuation proposal adapts methods that we have devised recently to observe developmental changes in serval basic processing parameters, from age 6 to adulthood: the short-term memory retrial rate for recently presented information, speeded articulation rates; the persistence of automatically held information, such as sensory memory; and the capacity of S.T.M., measured in unrelated chunks of information. The observations of developmental changes in these parameters are important because many researchers have suggested that most of these basic parameters (analogous to computer hardware) stay fixed, and that is primarily knowledge and strategies (analogous to computer software) that change with development in childhood. Rather than just accumulating further support for developmental changes in the basic parameters, the planned research has three other specific aims. (1) The first aim is to understand the mechanisms of the basic parameters within information processing system. For example, one study examines whether the capacity limits are central limits in the attentional focus as expected, or instead are capacity limits in modality-specific stores ( e.g., separate capacity limits for auditory/verbal and visual/spatial stimuli). (2) the second aim is to learn how the basic parameters influence one another. For example, one study examines whether the developmental change in retrial rates could be an indirect consequence of the change in capacity limits, by imposing a memory load during the measure of retrieval rates. (3) The third aim is to learn how the basic parameters are related to more complex measures of information processing ability, as well as to one another. This will be investigated in relatively large correlational study and with models incorporating the basic parameters, complex as well as simple memory spans, and measures of aptitude and scholastic achievement. This theoretical advance also should help in understanding various learning and language disorders, which are known to be marked by poor memory span for theoretical reasons that need clarification.
工作记忆(WM)可以定义为为了完成理解、解决问题或连续回忆等心理任务而可以在头脑中保存和操纵的信息量。 WM 通常是通过需要同时存储和处理信息的任务来衡量的。过去的研究表明,WM 的个体和发展差异对于如此复杂的认知任务很重要,但目前尚不清楚 WM 测量及其发展变化背后的基本过程是什么。这个修订后的竞争性延续提案采用了我们最近设计的方法来观察从 6 岁到成年的一些基本处理参数的发展变化:最近呈现信息的短期记忆重试率、加快的发音率;自动保存的信息的持久性,例如感觉记忆;以及 S.T.M. 的能力,以不相关的信息块来衡量。对这些参数的发育变化的观察很重要,因为许多研究人员认为,大多数这些基本参数(类似于计算机硬件)保持固定,而主要是随着儿童时期的发展而变化的知识和策略(类似于计算机软件)。计划中的研究不仅仅是为基本参数的发展变化积累进一步的支持,还有其他三个具体目标。 (1)第一个目标是了解信息处理系统内基本参数的机制。例如,一项研究检查容量限制是否是预期的注意力集中的中心限制,或者是特定形态存储中的容量限制(例如,听觉/语言和视觉/空间刺激的单独容量限制)。 (2)第二个目标是了解基本参数如何相互影响。例如,一项研究通过在检索率测量过程中施加记忆负荷,检验重试率的发展变化是否可能是容量限制变化的间接结果。 (3) 第三个目标是了解基本参数如何与更复杂的信息处理能力衡量标准以及彼此之间的关系。这将在相对较大的相关性研究中进行研究,并使用包含基本参数、复杂和简单记忆跨度以及能力和学业成就衡量标准的模型。这一理论进展还应有助于理解各种学习和语言障碍,众所周知,这些障碍的特点是记忆力差,其理论原因需要澄清。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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NELSON COWAN其他文献
NELSON COWAN的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('NELSON COWAN', 18)}}的其他基金
Working memory, attention, and time: Childhood development and adult function
工作记忆、注意力和时间:童年发展和成人功能
- 批准号:
8063402 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
Working memory, attention, and time: Childhood development and adult function
工作记忆、注意力和时间:童年发展和成人功能
- 批准号:
7256574 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms of Working Memory Capacity Limits and Their Development
工作记忆容量限制的机制及其发展
- 批准号:
10623330 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
DEVELOPMENT OF SHORT TERM MEMORY FOR SPEECH ATTRIBUTES
言语属性短期记忆的发展
- 批准号:
2888916 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
DEVELOPMENT OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR SPEECH ATTRIBUTES
言语属性短期记忆的发展
- 批准号:
6750740 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
Working memory, attention, and time: Childhood development and adult function
工作记忆、注意力和时间:童年发展和成人功能
- 批准号:
7383199 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms of Working Memory Capacity Limits and Their Development
工作记忆容量限制的机制及其发展
- 批准号:
9927651 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms of Working Memory Capacity Limits and Their Development
工作记忆容量限制的机制及其发展
- 批准号:
10200857 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 25.78万 - 项目类别: