Mechanism Underlying the Effects of Blue Light in Humans

蓝光对人体影响的机制

• 批准号: 6949018
• 负责人: Charles A Czeisler
• 金额: $ 27.29万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6949018
• 关键词: autonomic nervous system; behavioral /social science research tag; circadian rhythms; clinical research; electrocardiography; electroencephalography; endocrinology; eye movements; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; melatonin; neurobiology; neuropsychological tests; nonvisual photoreceptor; photobiology; physiology; polysomnography; psychomotor reaction time; sleep; stimulus /response; visible light; visual photoreceptor; wakefulness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Light has long been proposed to have a stimulatory effect on a range of biological functions in humans, including increased feelings of activation, such as improved alertness or ability to perform. The mechanisms underlying how light stimulates these neurobiological systems remain to be elucidated. Although a sizeable literature exists on how different properties of white light activate neurological systems, such as resetting the circadian pacemaker or inhibiting the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin, only a few studies exist describing direct effects of white and colored light on arousal mechanisms, and their findings are ambiguous. We propose to investigate the effects of different colors of light on human physiology, and in particular test the claims that specific colors of light preferentially stimulate neurobiological, physiological and endocrinological systems. Using classical photobiological techniques, we will construct action spectra for the effects of different colors of light on a range of non-image forming responses in humans. We will test the hypotheses that: 1) light-induced activation of the neurobiological sleep-wake regulatory system, as indicated by increased alertness, faster reaction time, suppression of EEG alpha activity, microsleeps and slow rolling eye movements, and suppression of pineal melatonin, is most sensitive to retinal exposure to short-wavelength blue light (460 nm) compared to equal photons of other colors of visible light; 2) light-induced activation of autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis measures of arousal, as indicated by increased heart rate variability, core body temperature, blood pressure, respiration rate, plasma cortisol levels and urinary catecholamines, is most sensitive to exposure to short wavelength blue light (460 nm) compared to equal photons of other colors; 3) phase shifts of the human circadian pacemaker, as assessed by changes in temperature, melatonin and cortisol rhythms, are most sensitive to exposure to short-wavelength blue light (460 nm) compared to equal photons of other colors. The resultant action spectra will help to identify the photoreceptor mechanism(s) by which light activates arousal and circadian resetting, these non-image forming physiological responses and enable us to distinguish between major candidate photoreceptive mechanisms, including potential novel photoreceptor systems, that might mediate such responses.

描述（由申请人提供）：长期以来，人们一直认为光对人类的一系列生物功能具有刺激作用，包括增加激活的感觉，例如提高警觉性或执行能力。光如何刺激这些神经生物学系统的机制仍有待阐明。虽然有大量文献研究了白色光的不同特性如何激活神经系统，例如重置昼夜节律起搏器或抑制促进睡眠的褪黑激素，但只有少数研究描述了白色和彩色光对唤醒机制的直接影响，并且他们的发现是模糊的。 我们建议研究不同颜色的光对人体生理的影响，特别是测试特定颜色的光优先刺激神经生物学，生理学和内分泌系统的说法。使用经典的光生物学技术，我们将构建不同颜色的光对人类一系列非成像反应的影响的作用光谱。我们将检验以下假设： 1)神经生物学睡眠-觉醒调节系统的光诱导激活，如通过增加的警觉性、更快的反应时间、EEG α活动的抑制、微睡眠和缓慢的转动眼运动以及松果体褪黑激素的抑制所指示的，与其他颜色的可见光的相等光子相比，对视网膜暴露于短波长蓝光（460 nm）最敏感; 2）光诱导的自主神经和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活，如通过增加的心率变异性、核心体温、血压、呼吸率、血浆皮质醇水平和尿儿茶酚胺所指示的唤醒测量，与其他颜色的相同光子相比，对短波长蓝光（460 nm）的暴露最敏感; 3）通过温度、褪黑激素和皮质醇节律的变化评估的人类昼夜节律起搏器的相移，与其他颜色的相同光子相比，对短波长蓝光（460 nm）的暴露最敏感。所得到的动作光谱将有助于识别光激活唤醒和昼夜节律重置的光感受器机制，这些非图像形成生理反应，并使我们能够区分主要的候选光感受机制，包括可能介导这些反应的潜在的新型光感受器系统。