Mooring Optimisation by Full Lifecycle Assessment

漂浮式风力技术已被证明在技术上是可行的，如上文文献综述中讨论的Kincardine和hywind等项目。然而，为了在商业上可行，LCOE浮动风技术仍然太高，无法与传统的固定底部风竞争。目前FOW项目的LCOE估计为170英镑/兆瓦时/桶，而固定底风项目的LCOE估计为45英镑/兆瓦时/桶。在比较不同技术的LCOE时应该小心，因为它对贴现率和其他假设非常敏感，据一致估计，FOW的成本大约是固定底部[6]的三倍。幸运的是，人们认为浮动涡轮机的能源成本将会下降，这与固定底部涡轮机的模式一样，固定底部涡轮机的成本随着工业和涡轮机尺寸的扩大而下降，DNV估计到2050年，FOW的LCOE将下降80%。已经确定的一个降低成本的领域是系泊系统，它可以占浮动阵列成本的10%以上。虽然系泊系统以前曾用于海上油气，但与生产平台相比，它们在海上风电中的应用带来了新的挑战，例如每个项目需要更多的系泊平台，每个平台需要承受涡轮机施加在其上的大范围额外力。系泊设计和组件的标准化、新材料的使用、锚的共享以及阵列和系泊配置的优化都被认为是降低成本的机会。

Floating wind technologies have been proven to be technically viable, with projects such as Kincardine andHywind discussed in the literature review above. However, in order to be commercially viable, the LCOE offloating wind technologies remains too high to compete with traditional fixed-bottom wind. The LCOE ofcurrent FOW projects is estimated at 170 £/MWh [4], compared with an estimated 45 £/MWh for fixed bottomwind [5]. Care should be taken when comparing LCOE for different technologies as it is very sensitive todiscount rate and other assumptions made, FOW is consistently estimated to be around three times moreexpensive than fixed bottom [6]. Fortunately, it is thought that the cost of energy from floating turbines willdecline, following the pattern that was seen with fixed-bottom turbines whose cost fell as both the industryand turbine sizes expanded [7], with the DNV estimating that the LCOE of FOW will decrease by 80% by 2050[8].One area that has been identified for cost-reduction is the mooring system, which can account for over 10%of the costs of a floating array [9] [10]. Although mooring systems have been used previously in offshore O&G,their use in offshore wind presents novel challenges in comparison to production platforms, such as requiringmany more moored platforms per project and each platform needing to withstand a wide range of additionalforces applied to it by the turbine. Standardisation of mooring design and components, the use of novelmaterials, anchor sharing, and the optimisation of arrays and mooring configurations have all been identifiedas cost-reduction opportunities [7].