Landscapes of Dispersed Settlement: Understanding People and Place in the Severn Valley, 1066-1500

分散聚落的景观：了解塞文河谷的人和地方，1066-1500 年

• 批准号: 2595935
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2595935
• 关键词: Landscapes; Dispersed; Settlement; Understanding; People

This project will focus on post-Conquest (AD1066 - 1500) landscapes of dispersed settlement in the middle Severn valley (from Ombersley and Shrawley, Worcestershire to Morville and Claverley, Shropshire). Generally, medieval settlement studies have focused on areas of nucleated settlement (large villages, with houses clustered together), stretching in a band from the south-west to the north-east of England through the East Midlands. In the Midlands, therefore, settlement research is underpinned by a series of important projects focusing on large nucleated villages in the east and central Midlands.Such settlements were not the norm in the west of the region. Here, isolated farmsteads and hamlets were more common - but the reasons for this remain unclear. Despite valuable studies of individual settlements and no shortage of data, there has been little investigation of patterns of rural settlement common in the middle Severn Valley. The interplay of physical and cultural factors is complex, and cannot be understood by historical, archaeological or toponomastic approaches in isolation. An interdisciplinary approach is required.This research will fill the geographical and intellectual gaps in our current understanding of rural settlement. A recent review by the Medieval Settlement Research Group (MSRG) outlined the following research priorities: post-Conquest settlement and landscape; dispersed settlement; the 'lived experience' within medieval rural settlements; interdisciplinary study.These priorities will be addressed through analysis of the dispersed settlements of the Severn Valley, framed around the following questions:1. Which factors were more influential on patterns of dispersed settlement: physical (e.g. soils, relief) or cultural (e.g. lordship, agriculture, industry)?2. How do patterns of dispersal compare and contrast across the region?3. Is it possible to determine a chronology of development for dispersed settlement?4. To what extent did small, isolated settlements subsequently develop?5. To what extent did colonization of cleared woodland generate later foundations of dispersed settlement?6. Did the region have a distinctive social structure, with special regard to lordship, peasant status, holding size, community, parish, farming regime and industry, that accounts for dispersed settlements?7. Two local case-studies - with surviving manorial records, and good corpuses of medieval settlement- and field-names - will examine the lived experience, outlook and culture of medieval occupants of small, dispersed settlements, and how it might have differed from that of people living in larger settlements.Assessing dispersed settlements and their occupants from the combined methodological perspectives of archaeology, history and toponomastics will enrich our understanding of these lesser-studied landscapes considerably. Medieval documents illuminate the lived experience of communities in post-Conquest England; their micro-toponymic detail permits the reconstruction of the medieval landscape at fine resolution and forms the basis for socio-spatial analysis. The archaeological survey will synthesise existing datasets (e.g. Historic Environment Records and Portable Antiquities Scheme data), aerial photographs, and LiDAR imagery, alongside a programme of field survey. GIS analysis will enable visualisation of dispersed settlements and their communities across space and time.The project will fill significant gaps in our understanding of medieval settlement and make a valuable contribution to medieval settlement studies. It will give Local Authority Archaeologists a solid foundation from which to consider the medieval landscape within the planning process. Accompanying public outreach and engagement (comprising talks, school resources, guided walks, and finds identification events), grounded in my existing existing expertise in the region's archaeology, will enable people to connect to past lives

该项目将重点关注征服后（公元1066 - 1500年）塞文河谷中部（从伍斯特郡的奥姆伯斯利和什劳利到什罗普郡的莫维尔和克拉弗利）分散定居的景观。一般来说，中世纪的定居点研究集中在有核定居区（大村庄，房屋聚集在一起），从英格兰西南部到东北部，穿过东米德兰兹郡。因此，在中部地区，定居点研究得到了一系列重要项目的支持，这些项目集中在东部和中部地区的大型核心村庄。在这里，孤立的农场和村庄更为常见-但原因尚不清楚。尽管对单个定居点进行了有价值的研究，也不缺乏数据，但对塞文河谷中部常见的农村定居点模式的调查却很少。自然因素和文化因素的相互作用是复杂的，不能孤立地用历史、考古或地名学的方法来理解。这项研究将填补我们目前对农村定居点的理解中的地理和知识空白。中世纪定居点研究小组（MSRG）最近的一份评论概述了以下研究重点：征服后的定居点和景观;分散的定居点;中世纪农村定居点内的“生活经验”;跨学科研究。这些重点将通过分析塞文山谷的分散定居点来解决，围绕以下问题：1.哪些因素对分散定居的模式影响更大：物理因素（如土壤、地形）还是文化因素（如领主、农业、工业）？2.在整个地区，人口分散的模式是如何比较和对比的？3.是否有可能确定分散定居的发展年表？4.后来，孤立的小定居点发展到什么程度？5.开垦林地的殖民化在多大程度上为后来的分散定居奠定了基础？6.该地区是否有一个独特的社会结构，特别是关于领主身份、农民地位、持有规模、社区、教区、农业制度和工业，从而解释了分散的定居点？7.两个当地的案例研究-与幸存的庄园记录，和良好的语料库的中世纪解决-和字段名称-将研究生活的经验，展望和文化的中世纪居住者的小，分散的定居点，以及它可能有什么不同的人生活在较大的定居点。评估分散的定居点和他们的居住者从考古学的综合方法的角度，历史和地名学将大大丰富我们对这些研究较少的景观的理解。中世纪的文件照亮了在征服后的英格兰社区的生活经验，他们的微观地名细节允许在精细的分辨率重建中世纪景观，并形成了社会空间分析的基础。考古调查将综合现有的数据集（例如历史环境记录和便携式文物计划数据），航空照片和激光雷达图像，以及实地调查计划。GIS分析将使分散的定居点及其社区在空间和时间上的可视化成为可能。该项目将填补我们对中世纪定居点理解的重大空白，并为中世纪定居点研究做出宝贵贡献。它将为地方当局考古学家提供一个坚实的基础，在规划过程中考虑中世纪景观。伴随着公共宣传和参与（包括讲座，学校资源，引导步行和发现识别活动），基于我在该地区考古学方面的现有专业知识，将使人们能够与过去的生活联系起来