Integrated Control Electronics for Semiconductor Quantum Devices

对于实际应用，量子计算机需要拥有数百万个量子比特(量子比特)，并具有高度的量子比特之间的连接性。目前，基本的固态量子处理器在低于开尔文温度的稀释式冰箱中工作，并在室温下由通用经典电子学控制[1]。要实现大规模量子硬件，主要障碍是设想经典电子学和量子电子学之间的有效互连方法[2]。为此，基于半导体的量子计算机[3-4]可能是有利的，因为控制电子和量子比特可以集成在同一芯片上，克服布线瓶颈。这个项目将解决使这种方法可行的一些挑战。首先，需要设计一种功耗极低的控制电子层，以避免对量子硬件进行加热，从而损害其脆弱的量子态。其次，量子层的半导体材料的选择将需要仔细考虑。显而易见的选择可能是硅，因为它与集成的cmos电子产品兼容，但也将探索其他商业半导体，如碳化硅和锗。这将需要在典型的操作条件下，如微波频率驱动和多路射频读出，以及在一定的温度范围和外部磁场下，对不同的量子设备进行表征。研究活动将平衡集成电路(IC)设计和建模、实际操作的洁净室制造以及低温下的实验测量。该学生将参与制造一系列半导体材料中的电子设备并对其进行表征。主要职责：-设计驱动和读取量子硬件的IC电子器件。-执行低温实验和器件表征。-使用适当的软件(如MatLab、PYTHON等)分析实验数据。-准备提交给同行评议期刊的手稿。-跨合作机构在国内旅行，以开展项目的部分活动。[1]F.Arute等人，自然574,505(2019)[2]L.M.K.Vandersypen.等人，NPJ Quantum inf。3，34(2017)[3]T.F.Watson等，《自然》555,633(2018)[4]N.Hendrickx等，《自然》577,487(2020)

For practical applications a quantum computer would need to host millions of quantum bits (qubits) with a high degree of inter-qubit connectivity. At present, rudimentary solid-state quantum processors operate in dilution refrigerators at sub-kelvin temperature and are controlled by general-purpose classical electronics at room temperature [1]. In order to enable large-scale quantum hardware, the main hurdle is in envisaging efficient interconnect approaches between classical and quantum electronics [2]. To this end, semiconductor-based quantum computers [3-4] could be advantageous because both the control electronics and the qubits could be integrated on the same chip, overcoming the wiring bottleneck.This project will address some of the challenges to make this approach viable. Firstly, there will be a need to design a control electronics layer with extremely modest power consumption to avoid heating the quantum hardware to the detriment of its fragile quantum states. Secondly, the choice of the semiconductor material for the quantum layer will need to be carefully considered. The obvious choice may be silicon for its compatibility with integrated CMOS electronics, but other commercial semiconductors, such as silicon carbide and germanium will be also explored. This will entail characterisation of different quantum devices in typical operating conditions, such as microwave frequency drive and multiplexed radiofrequency readout, as well as in a range of temperatures and external magnetic fields.The research activities will balance integrated circuit (IC) design and modelling, hands-on cleanroom fabrication, as well as experimental measurements at cryogenic temperatures. The student will be involved in making and characterising electronic devices in a range of semiconductor materials. Main responsibilities:- Design IC electronics to drive and read quantum hardware.- Perform low-temperature experiments and device characterisation. - Analyse experimental data with appropriate software (e.g. Matlab, Python etc.). - Prepare manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. - Travel domestically across collaborating institutions to carry out part of the project's activities.[1] F. Arute et al., Nature 574, 505 (2019)[2] L. M. K. Vandersypen et al., npj Quantum Inf. 3, 34 (2017)[3] T. F. Watson et al., Nature 555, 633 (2018) [4] N. Hendrickx et al., Nature 577, 487 (2020)