Dynamics of pollution transport in constructed wetlands: identification and quantification of underlying physical mechanisms of solute and solid (micr

人工湿地中污染迁移的动力学：确定和量化溶质和固体(微塑料)迁移的潜在物理机制。人工湿地(CWS)是一种利用土壤、植被和生物来处理水、去除溶质和固体污染的生态工程系统。水-植被-土壤之间的相互作用支配着湿地的物理、化学和生物处理过程。这些“自然资本”资产是处理城市和工业废水、灰水和雨水径流的最有效措施之一。水的运动动力学对污染物的去除起着关键作用，因为它影响着处理污染物的水力停留时间(接触时间和活动时间)。植物群落对湿地的水动力和性能有显著的影响，因为它们产生水流阻力，改变速度场，影响混合特性，使悬浮物落到湿地床上。植被生长和枯萎的季节变化影响系统的性能。此外，随着时间的推移，微生物群落将对污水中的有机和金属污染物做出反应。然而，在湿地生态系统中污染物的来源和去向方面仍然存在关键的知识空白。主要目的是利用诺福克河信托基金内湿地的实验室和实地数据，确定和量化管理污染物迁移和去向的关键机制。该项目还将探索微塑料与湿地内土壤和生态系统的相互作用，以了解生物组织中生态毒性的可能性。这些混合和传输机制将使用最先进的荧光和实验流体动力学方法以及我们创新的微塑料染色技术进行研究。该项目提供的新见解将使人们能够理解湿地系统中污染物迁移的动态。将在该项目内开发的算法将与现有的多相流模型相结合，以模拟不同水文气候下的污染物传输。因此，该项目将通过了解和优化人工湿地自然资本资产的表现，为环境保护和流域综合管理带来阶段性的变化，并在水务行业对这些系统进行大量投资的情况下产生重要影响。

Dynamics of pollution transport in constructed wetlands: identification and quantification of underlying physical mechanisms of solute and solid (microplastic) transport. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are ecologically-engineered systems that use soil, vegetation and organisms to treat water and remove solute and solid pollution. It is the interplay between water-vegetation-soil that governs the wetland physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. These 'Natural Capital' assets are one of the most effective measures to treat municipal and industrial wastewater, greywater and storm-water runoff. Dynamics of water movement plays a key role in the removal of pollutants, as it influences the hydraulic residence time (contact and activity time) for treating the pollutants. Plant communities have a prominent effect on the wetland hydrodynamics and performance, as they generate flow resistance, changes the velocity field and affect mixing characteristics, enabling suspended material to fall to the wetland bed. Seasonal variation in vegetation growth and die-back influences the performance of the system. In addition, the microbial community will respond over time to the organic and metal pollutants that are constituents of the effluents. However, critical knowledge gaps remain in sources and fate of pollutants in wetland ecological systems. The main aim is to identify and quantify key mechanisms that govern the transport and fate of pollutants using laboratory and field-based data from wetlands located within the Norfolk Rivers Trust. This project will also explore the interaction of microplastics with soil and ecological systems within wetlands to understand the potential for ecotoxicity in biological organizations. These mixing and transport mechanisms will be investigated using state of the art fluorometric and experimental fluid dynamics methods as well as our innovative technology for microplastic staining. The new insights offered by this project will enable understanding the dynamics of pollutant transport in wetland systems. The algorithms which will be developed within this project will be coupled with existing multi-phase flow models in order to simulate pollutant transport under various hydro-climates. Hence this project will provide a step change in environmental protection and integrated catchment management by understanding and optimising the performance of constructed wetland natural capital assets, and significantly, be influential at a time of considerable investment in these systems by the water industry.