Neurobehavioral Features of FASD and ADHD

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目标是表征胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的神经行为特征。由于患有这些疾病的儿童通常在注意力、记忆力、学习和行为方面表现出类似的缺陷，因此他们在多大程度上具有独特的神经行为特征尚不清楚。 拟议的研究将检查底特律纵向酒精队列中的青少年，这些青少年的母亲在怀孕期间被前瞻性招募，以超过产前酒精暴露的中度至重度水平；该群体中很大一部分人也怀疑患有多动症。青少年将被邀请参加一项基于以下群体之一的 16 至 18 年后续评估： 1) FASD； 2）多动症； 3）胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）和多动症（ADHD）； 4) 两者都没有障碍。主要焦点将关注最有可能区分这些群体的执行功能和算术领域内的具体结果。生长曲线模型将用于检查这些领域在 7.5、14 和 16-18 岁时的发育轨迹。这项研究将产生有关每种疾病的神经行为特征的新信息，从而为教育、临床和药理学干预提供新的见解。以与 ADHD 相同的方式使用精神兴奋剂治疗 FASD 相关的潜在健康危害强调了了解可以改善这些疾病的鉴别诊断的独特特征的重要性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research is to characterize the neurobehavioral features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because children with these disorders often present with similar deficits in attention, memory, learning, and behavior, the extent to which they possess distinct neurobehavioral features is unclear. The proposed study will examine adolescents from the Detroit Longitudinal Alcohol cohort, whose mothers were recruited prospectively during pregnancy to over represent moderate-to-heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure; a high proportion of this cohort is also suspect for ADHD. Adolescents will be invited to participate in a 16- to 18-year follow-up assessment based on membership in one of the following groups: 1) FASD; 2) ADHD; 3) FASD and ADHD; and 4) neither disorder. The primary focus will be concerned with specific outcomes within the domains of executive function and arithmetic that are most likely to distinguish between these groups. Growth curve modeling will be used to examine developmental trajectories within these domains at 7.5-, 14-, and 16-18 years. This research will generate new information regarding the neurobehavioral characteristics of each disorder, thus providing new insights for educational, clinical, and pharmacological interventions. The potential health hazards associated with treating FASD with psycho stimulants in the same manner as ADHD underscore the importance for understanding distinctive features that can improve the differential diagnoses of these disorders.