Neurobehavioral Features of FASD and ADHD

描述（由申请人提供）： 本研究的目的是探讨胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的神经行为特征。由于患有这些疾病的儿童通常在注意力、记忆力、学习和行为方面表现出类似的缺陷，因此他们在多大程度上具有不同的神经行为特征尚不清楚。 这项拟议的研究将检查来自底特律纵向酒精队列的青少年，其母亲在怀孕期间被前瞻性招募，以过度代表产前酒精暴露的中度至重度水平;该队列中的高比例也被怀疑患有ADHD。青少年将被邀请参加一个16至18年的后续评估的基础上，在以下组之一的成员：1）FASD; 2）ADHD; 3）FASD和ADHD;和4）都没有障碍。主要关注的是执行功能和算术领域内最有可能区分这些群体的具体结果。生长曲线模型将用于检查这些领域在7.5岁，14岁和16-18岁的发展轨迹。这项研究将产生关于每种疾病的神经行为特征的新信息，从而为教育，临床和药理学干预提供新的见解。以与ADHD相同的方式用精神兴奋剂治疗FASD相关的潜在健康危害强调了理解可以改善这些疾病的鉴别诊断的独特特征的重要性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research is to characterize the neurobehavioral features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because children with these disorders often present with similar deficits in attention, memory, learning, and behavior, the extent to which they possess distinct neurobehavioral features is unclear. The proposed study will examine adolescents from the Detroit Longitudinal Alcohol cohort, whose mothers were recruited prospectively during pregnancy to over represent moderate-to-heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure; a high proportion of this cohort is also suspect for ADHD. Adolescents will be invited to participate in a 16- to 18-year follow-up assessment based on membership in one of the following groups: 1) FASD; 2) ADHD; 3) FASD and ADHD; and 4) neither disorder. The primary focus will be concerned with specific outcomes within the domains of executive function and arithmetic that are most likely to distinguish between these groups. Growth curve modeling will be used to examine developmental trajectories within these domains at 7.5-, 14-, and 16-18 years. This research will generate new information regarding the neurobehavioral characteristics of each disorder, thus providing new insights for educational, clinical, and pharmacological interventions. The potential health hazards associated with treating FASD with psycho stimulants in the same manner as ADHD underscore the importance for understanding distinctive features that can improve the differential diagnoses of these disorders.