Effect of diet on insulin sensitivity and energy balance

饮食对胰岛素敏感性和能量平衡的影响

• 批准号: 6864838
• 负责人: Nicholas Paul Hays
• 金额: $ 5.05万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6864838
• 关键词: aerobic exercise; aging; basal metabolism; bioenergetics; body composition; body weight; calorimetry; clinical research; computed axial tomography; diet therapy; dietary carbohydrates; dietary lipid; glucose clamp technique; glucose tolerance; human subject; human therapy evaluation; insulin sensitivity /resistance; lipid biosynthesis; metabolism disorder; noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; plethysmography; postdoctoral investigator; statistics /biometry; very low density lipoprotein

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad, long-term objective of this research proposal is to improve the health and well being of the elderly via decreased risk for type 2 diabetes. The specific aim of the project is to examine the influence of an ad libitum 12- week low-fat/simple-carbohydrate diet, with and without aerobic exercise training, on body mass, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Preliminary data indicate that consumption of a low-fat/complex-carbohydrate diet, with no attempt at energy restriction, results in loss of body weight and improvement in insulin sensitivity. We hypothesize that replacement of dietary fat with simple rather than complex-carbohydrates will result in similar improvements in health. Thirty-six overweight men and women aged 55-80 years with impaired glucose tolerance will be randomized into one of three groups. Group 1 will receive a control diet (similar to baseline intake), group 2 will receive a low-fat/simple-carbohydrate diet (17% fat, 16% protein, 67% carbohydrate, 9g fiber/1000kcal), and group 3 will receive an identical low-fat diet and be placed in an aerobic exercise training program (4d/week, 80% VO2ma,). Body composition will be measured using air displacement plethysmography, energy and macronutrient metabolism will be measured using whole room calorimetry and de novo lipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity will be measured using a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Given the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the elderly U.S. population, completion of this project will more clearly define the specific dietary and exercise interventions that have the greatest potential positive impact on health in older individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究提案的广泛长期目标是通过降低2型糖尿病风险来改善老年人的健康和福祉。该项目的具体目的是研究12周自由低脂/简单碳水化合物饮食，有氧运动训练和无有氧运动训练对老年糖耐量受损受试者的体重，能量平衡和胰岛素敏感性的影响。初步数据表明，食用低脂/复合碳水化合物饮食，不试图限制能量，导致体重减轻和胰岛素敏感性改善。我们假设，用简单的碳水化合物代替膳食脂肪，而不是复杂的碳水化合物，将导致类似的健康改善。将36名年龄在55-80岁的超重男性和女性葡萄糖耐量受损患者随机分为三组。第1组将接受对照饮食（与基线摄入量相似），第2组将接受低脂/简单碳水化合物饮食（17%脂肪，16%蛋白质，67%碳水化合物，9 g纤维/1000 kcal），第3组将接受相同的低脂饮食，并接受有氧运动训练计划（4天/周，80%VO2ma）。将使用空气置换体积描记法测量身体组成，将使用全室量热法和从头脂肪生成测量能量和大量营养素代谢，并将使用正常血糖-高胰岛素钳夹测量胰岛素敏感性。鉴于2型糖尿病在美国老年人群中的患病率不断增加，该项目的完成将更清楚地确定对老年人健康产生最大潜在积极影响的具体饮食和运动干预措施。