An exploration of power asymmetries and their impact on global COVID-19 access to medicines response

1.ACT A中的权力不对称是如何表现出来的，这对ACT A的治理过程有何影响？这对促进公平获得医疗技术的倡议目标有何影响？a.哪些行为者参与ACT A，他们使用何种权力？b.这些行为者如何/如何影响ACT A的议程设置、制定、决策和产出？C.哪些结构性因素影响行为者可以使用的权力类型，以及它们如何影响ACT A？D.存在哪些权力不对称，这些对ACT A过程有什么影响？如何减轻这些影响？e.行为者的权力与提议的获取问题解决方案之间存在什么联系(如果有)？f.ACT A可以告诉我们关于温室气体的架构和责任的什么？2.哪些权力理论模型可以最好地应用于理解温室气体的权力？为了回答研究问题，该项目将采用混合方法，结合基于案头的定性政策审查和跨部门利益相关者访谈。这将通过使用政策和灰色文献的范围审查、二级学术分析的文献审查、利益攸关方分析、利益攸关方访谈、内容分析和权力图谱来实现。来自全球卫生和政治研究的理论上有价值的权力模型将被规划出来，并与适应性修订相结合，作为一个新的理论框架应用。因此，该项目的原始贡献将是四个方面的。首先，该项目将构建并试点一个植根于政治学和全球卫生的跨学科混合理论分析框架，以提供与温室气体ACTA相关的权力的理论严谨研究。其次，分析框架产生的见解将对其他关键的温室气体机制起到补充作用，这将在更广泛的温室气体研究中提供一个启发式的有价值的模式。第三，该项目对温室气体及其在近代史上最大的健康危机期间获得药品的关键结构之一进行了及时和重要的分析。第四，鉴于ACTA是全球新冠肺炎免疫的一个新的但基本的组成部分，该项目将处于该领域新兴和正在发展的研究的前沿。这些经验研究结果将对全球卫生行为者各自如何占据政治空间和权力，以及这对多边倡议，特别是ACT A的目的和成果产生的影响，产生重要影响。此外，与民间社会伙伴合作，这项研究的结果将能够就如何缓解权力不对称，以及处于分配较弱一端的行为者如何更好地利用现有机会和产生影响提出建议。更重要的是，该项目旨在设计规范性和实用性建议，以帮助增加ACTA倡议下的公平分配，这一倡议目前正面临失败的威胁。

1. How have power asymmetries manifested within ACT A, how does this influence the governance processes of ACT A, and what implications does this have on the initiative's aim to promote equitable access to medical technology?a. Which actors are engaged in ACT A and what kind of power do they employ?b. How did/do these actors influence the agenda-setting, formulation, decision-making and outputs of ACT A?c. What structural factors influence the kinds of power actors can employ and how do they influence ACT A?d. Which power asymmetries exist, what impact did these have on ACT A process and how could these have been mitigated?e. What linkages, if any, exist between an actor's power and the proposed solutions to access issues?f. What can ACT A tell us about the architecture of and accountability in GHG?2. Which theoretical models of power can best be applied to understand power in GHG?To answer the research questions, the project will adopt a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative desk-based policy review and cross-sectional stakeholder interviews. This will be achieved through the use of a scoping review of policy and grey literature, a literature review of secondary academic analysis, a stakeholder analysis, stakeholder interviews, content analysis and power mapping. Theoretically valuable models of power from global health and political studies will be mapped out, amalgamated with adaptive revision, and applied as a novel theoretical framework.Consequently, the original contribution of this project will be four-fold. First, this project will construct, and pilot a cross-disciplinary mixed theory analytical framework rooted in political science and global health to offer a theoretically rigorous study of power associated with ACT A in GHG. Second, insights generated from the analytical framework will have complimentary translations to other key GHG mechanisms, which will provide a heuristically valuable model in the study of GHG more broadly. Third, this project offers a timely and significant analysis of GHG and one of its key access to medicines structures during the biggest health crisis in recent history. Fourth, given that ACT A is a new, yet fundamental component to global COVID-19 immunization, this project will be at the cutting edge of nascent and developing research in this area. These empirical findings will contain important implications for global health actors in terms of how they each occupy political space and power, and the implications this has on the purpose and outcomes of multilateral initiatives, particularly ACT A. Additionally, in collaboration with civil society partners, the findings of this research will be able to form recommendations as to how power asymmetries might be mitigated, and how actors at the weaker end of the distribution can better harness existing opportunities and have influence. More importantly, the project aims to design normative and practical recommendations to help increase equitable distribution under the ACT A initiative, something that is currently under threat of failure.