Optimisation of hydrogen and/or Ammonia based fuel utilisation in Gas Turbines

燃气轮机中氢和/或氨基燃料利用的优化

• 批准号: 2602716
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2602716
• 关键词: Optimisation; hydrogen; Ammonia; based; fuel

Following the goals set by the European Green Deal and the UK's commitment to be powered entirely by clean energy by 2035, the topic of carbon neutrality and how to reach it has found centre stage in many political agendas. In 2021, electricity generation accounted for ~20% of total UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions making it the second largest single source. Decarbonising this sector is therefore vitally important if the ambitious net-zero goals are to be met. The use of hydrogen as a zero-carbon energy vector has gained significant interest in the past decade. The combustion behaviour of hydrogen is however very different to that of conventional fossil fuels. Hydrogen's reactive characteristics imply lower flame stability, higher NOx emissions, greatly modified thermoacoustic behaviours and enhanced risks of flashback and auto-ignition and therefore makes utilising high percentages of hydrogen in current lean premixed (DLE) systems very challenging. OEMs are investing significant R&D resources into the development of DLE systems capable of hydrogen-firing up to 100%. One of the main components receiving particular attention being gas turbine combustors and their auxiliary parts. The roughness of swirler wetted surfaces can affect axial velocities, heat release, NOx emissions and operability limits. Surface roughness should therefore be considered carefully starting from the design stage all the way through to manufacturing and post processing. Understanding the effect of roughness on boundary layer flashback (BLF) is of prime interest given hydrogen's increased risk of flashback.Research carried out by the student will focus on numerically modelling roughness effects. Simulations will be validated against experimental reacting an isothermal flow with the aim of better understanding roughness induced changes on the flow field (changes in velocity profiles, Swirl number, recirculation zones). Experimental work on the effect of roughness on H2 flames will also be performed. Findings will be able to inform OEMs on weather surface treatments of AM parts, such as polishing or artificially increasing roughness, are needed in turbomachinery components to improve performance particularly with regards to BLF, emissions and flame stability.

随着欧洲绿色协议设定的目标和英国承诺到2035年完全由清洁能源提供动力，碳中和以及如何实现碳中和的话题已经成为许多政治议程的中心议题。于二零二一年，发电占英国温室气体排放总量约20%，成为第二大单一来源。因此，如果要实现雄心勃勃的净零目标，该行业的脱碳至关重要。在过去十年中，氢作为零碳能源载体的使用引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，氢的燃烧行为与传统化石燃料的燃烧行为截然不同。氢的反应特性意味着较低的火焰稳定性、较高的NOx排放、极大地改变的热声行为以及提高的回火和自燃风险，因此使得在当前贫预混（DLE）系统中利用高百分比的氢非常具有挑战性。原始设备制造商正在投入大量的研发资源开发能够100%燃烧氢气的DLE系统。受到特别关注的主要部件之一是燃气涡轮机燃烧室及其辅助部件。旋流器润湿表面的粗糙度可影响轴向速度、热释放、NOx排放和可操作性极限。因此，从设计阶段开始，一直到制造和后处理，都应仔细考虑表面粗糙度。了解粗糙度对边界层回火（BLF）的影响是首要的兴趣，因为氢气会增加回火的风险。学生进行的研究将集中在数值模拟粗糙度的影响。模拟将根据等温流的实验反应进行验证，目的是更好地理解粗糙度引起的流场变化（速度分布、漩涡数、再循环区的变化）。粗糙度对H2火焰的影响的实验工作也将进行。调查结果将能够告知OEM关于AM部件的天气表面处理，例如抛光或人为增加粗糙度，这些都是在增材制造组件中需要的，以提高性能，特别是在BLF，排放和火焰稳定性方面。