Thesis title: Frontiers in Magnetism

摩尔定律的终结经常被预言：自2004年以来，先兆就一直伴随着我们，当时计算机时钟速度的渐进年增长被冻结在4 GHz左右，以防止集成电路过热。这一僵局的一个潜在解决方案是引入新的计算硬件，其操作以操纵准粒子为基础，这些准粒子可能被用来以最小的能源成本存储、传输和处理信息。最具多功能性和前景的准粒子是磁振子。它已经在一系列模拟和数字计算设备中证明了它的能力。尽管如此，还没有为Magonic计算设定坚定不移的整体范例。这就是我们提出的研究的吸引力和动机。最终的Magnon计算体系结构的选择是可能的。最直接的结果是，它将改变我们目前使用的、基于阿贝尔运算和布尔代数的计算范例。即使超级计算的潜力不太可能走到这一步，它仍将是计算技术的变革性一步，它将使布尔计算发生得更快，使用类似或更少的空间，并在相同的计算能力下消耗少3个数量级的热量。一个更雄心勃勃的问题--这篇论文的动机--是，磁性计算的潜在性能是否会超越硅所提供的性能。为了解决这一问题，我们借鉴了量子计算中的方法，旨在对磁声设备的行为发展一个彻底的代数理解，并利用这种理解来拥有对磁声系统架构的严格方法。我们的策略是在数学上检查和形式化我们在三个现有的或计划的磁振子领域中可用的代数工具-波计算设备、量子风格的逻辑门和磁子模拟设备-并使用这种方法来开发这些基本代数工具能够支持的更高级别的新型计算机体系结构。我们要解决的关键问题是：1.这种技术的可用扇出：即将一个逻辑设备的输出耦合到多个顺序设备的输入的能力？这是决定这项技术最终能力的关键考虑因素。2.在实践中，我们如何利用Magnon设备的能力，将不同的操作同时应用于在不同频率通道上并行运行的多个数据流？3.我们能否通过相同的硬件顺序运行这些数据流，并对每个通道上的数据执行不同的逻辑操作。具体来说，我们能否将硬件的输出作为输入注入同一硬件，但在不同的通道上？4.我们如何安排这样的数据流的物理信令，使它们连接到正确的处理通道，而不会产生串扰？以这个身份，我们可以使用我们在最近的磁振子相位共轭工作中制作和测试的非简并四波混频积木吗？它有两个有用的特征：输出相对于输入是频移的，它沿着完全相同的物理路径回溯？5.我们如何才能以一种既节能又能够可靠地从波到脉冲格式传输数据的方式将这些磁学设备相互连接并与传统电子设备连接？6.我们能够制造具有类似于量子计算型逻辑元件的代数特性的磁学设备吗？这些能否用于改进或简化现有的磁学逻辑配置？7.模拟磁性处理器有什么作用？它们能否成功地与数字波技术集成？合作者：生态与EPSRC结盟目标：新颖的计算模式

The end of Moore's Law is frequently predicted: the harbingers have been with us since 2004, when the progressive annual increase in computer clock speeds was frozen at around 4GHz to prevent the integrated circuits from overheating. A potential solution to this impasse is the introduction of new computing hardware whose operation is predicated on manipulating quasiparticles that may be used to store, transfer and process information with minimal energy cost. The quasiparticle with the most versatility and promise is the magnon. It's already proved its capabilities in a range of analogue and digital computing devices. Still, no hard and fast overall paradigm has yet been set for magnonic computing. Therein lies the attraction and motivation for our proposed research. A selection of eventual magnon computing architectures are possible. The most straightforward outcome is that it will transform the computing paradigms that we currently use and that are based on Abelian operation and Boolean algebra. In the unlikely event that magnonic computing potential goes this far and no further, it will still be a transformative step in computing technology which will enable Boolean computing to happen faster, use similar or smaller amounts of real estate and dissipate three orders of magnitude less heat for the same computing power. A much more ambitious question - the motivation of this thesis - is if the potential performance of magnonic computing could go beyond what silicon offers. To address this we are borrowing from approaches taken in Quantum Computing, aiming to develop a thorough algebraic understanding of the behaviour of magnonic devices and exploit this understanding to have a rigorous approach to magnonic systems architecture. Our strategy is to examine and formalise mathematically the algebraic tools available to us in three existing or projected areas of magnonics - wave computing devices, quantum-style logic gates and magnonic analogue devices - and to use this approach to develop higher levels of novel computer architectures that these basic algebraic tools are capable of supporting.Key questions we aim to address are: 1.What is the available fanout of this technology: that is the ability to couple outputs of one logic device into the inputs of more than one sequential device? This is a pivotal consideration in deciding the limits of what this technology is ultimately capable of.2.How in practice can we exploit the ability of magnon devices to apply different operations simultaneously to multiple datastreams running in parallel on different frequency channels?3. Can we run those datastreams sequentially through the same piece of hardware and perform different logical operations to the data on each passage. Specifically, can we take an output of a piece of hardware and inject it as an input to the same piece of hardware, but on a different channel?4.How can we arrange the physical signposting of such datastreams such that they get coupled to the correct processing channels without crosstalk? In this capacity, can we use the non-degenerate four wave mixing building block that we made and tested in our recent work on magnon phase conjugation and that has two useful characteristics: the output is frequency shifted relative to the input and it tracks back along exactly the same physical path?5. How can we interface such magnonic devices with one another and with conventional electronics in a way that is both energy efficient and is capable of transferring data reliably from wave to pulse format?6. Are we capable of making magnonic devices with similar algebraic properties to quantum computing style logic elements and can these be used to improve or streamline existing magnonic logic configurations?7. What role is there for analogue magnonic processors and can they be integrated successfully with digital wave technology?Collaborators: EcotricityAlignment with EPSRC aims: Novel Computing Parad