Scaleable integration of electronic and Photonic integrated circuits for quantum optics in silicon

博士学位的大部分将与大光子小组的Josh一起进行，该小组致力于硅中量子光学的电子和光子集成电路的可扩展集成。另一个项目将与豪尔赫一起研究相位调制器的频率多路复用控制，以减少对低温恒温器和芯片的布线要求。这些项目都打着硅光子学可伸缩性的旗号，两位监管者都渴望合作。光子集成电路(PIC)是经典和量子信息处理的一个很有前途的平台。信息可以被编码成受限于在PIC上光刻制造的波导的光的不同性质。通常使用分束器和相位调制器来实现对光的操纵，并因此实现编码信息。雷克等人。证明了利用简单的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪实现的任意N×2酉运算都可以表示为2x2酉运算的线性组合。这些RECK方案，以及其他在芯片上大规模操纵量子态的方案，将需要&gt；1000个相位调制器，因此需要许多相同数量级的电气控制线。为了减少这种布线瓶颈，可以使用多路复用技术来允许从一根或几根控制线控制多个相位调制器。将相位调制器设计为频率相关将允许通过叠加相位调制电压的单根控制线来控制所有调制器。该方案将允许同时和独立地控制所有调制器。该方案对于在低温下运行的光子系统特别重要，其中冷却系统对可用的控制线的数量施加了严格的限制。硅光子学中的许多量子光学方案是非确定性的，需要使用前馈信号来正确地路由预示的事件。硅光子学中的单光子是通过非确定性的参数过程产生的，这需要通过检测信号光子来预示空闲光子。此外，为了减少不希望发生的多光子产生事件的机会，降低了泵浦功率，进一步降低了产生光子对的可能性。为了实现预告单光子的伪确定性产生，多个源被多路复用在一起，使得即使在一个源处也可以将成功的单光子产生切换到输出。当完全集成在芯片上时，可用于单光子切换的短时间需要高度集成和快速的电子设备。这种电子架构的设计以及它以可扩展的方式集成的方式需要进一步的研究。

The majority of this PhD will be undertaken with Josh in The Big Photon group looking at scalable integration of electronic and photonic integrated circuits for quantum optics in silicon. Another project will be undertaken with Jorge looking at frequency multiplexed control of phase modulators in order to reduce wiring requirements into the cryostat and onto the chip. These projects fall under the same banner of scalability in silicon photonics with both supervisors eager to collaborate.Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) represent a promising platform for classical and quantum information processing. Information can be encoded into different properties of the light confined to waveguides lithographically fabricated on the PICs. Manipulation of the light, and thus the encoded information, is typically achieved using beam splitters and phase modulators. Reck et al. showed that any NxNunitary operation can be expressed as some linear combination of 2x2 unitary operations achieved using simple Mach-Zehnder Interferometers. These Reck schemes, and other large-scale manipulation of quantum states on chip, will require>1000 phase modulators thus be requiring a number of electrical control wires of the same order. To reduce this wiring bottleneck multiplexing techniques can be used to allow for the control of multiple phase modulators from a single, or few, control wires. Designing the phase modulators to be frequency dependent would allow for all modulators to be controlled froma single control wire with the phase modulating voltages superimposed. This scheme would allow for simultaneous and independent control of all modulators. This scheme is of particular importance for photonic systems operating at cryogenic temperatures where the cooling system imposes strict limitations on the number of control wires available. Many quantum optic schemes in silicon photonics are non-deterministic and require the use of feed-forward signals to correctly route heralded events. Single-photons in silicon photonics are generated through parametric processes that are non-deterministic, requiring the heralding of the idler photon through detection of the signal photon. Additionally, in order to reduce the chances of undesired multi-photon generation events the pump power is reduced, further reducing the likelihood of photon-pair production. In order to achieve pseudo-deterministic production of heralded single-photons multiple sources are multiplexed together such that a successful single-photon generation even at one source can be switched to the output. When completely integrated on chip, the short time available for switching the single-photon requires highly integrated and fast electronics. Design of this electronics architecture and the way in which it is integrated in a scalable manner requires additional research.