New Optical Imaging and Analysis Techniques for the Early Detection and Quantification of Corrosion on Special Nuclear Materials Packages

这项博士研究将侧重于设计新型信号和图像处理技术，结合最先进的深度神经网络和传统方法，对特殊核材料包（包括不锈钢和铝挤压件）中使用的材料进行分段、分析和量化腐蚀产物。这项工作将与曼彻斯特大学（由塞拉菲尔德和FIND CDT资助）合作进行，他们将随着时间的推移用感兴趣的氯化物腐蚀一系列不锈钢和铝试样，在每次实验中都会知道氯化物指数。腐蚀试样将在其整个寿命期间定期使用一系列光学传感器技术进行成像，包括立体显微镜、光学显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、LIBS和拉曼（曼彻斯特大学），直至RGB和高光谱成像（斯特拉斯克莱德大学）。斯特拉斯克莱德大学（UoS）将设计新的算法来分析所有模态的图像，这将导致创建一套多尺度图像分析技术，使用空间和光谱信息从微观到宏观尺度检测和量化腐蚀。所描述的数据集的采集，结合拟议的分析程序，将是他们的第一个同类工具套件，以检测-与信心-在最早的点，腐蚀产物可以在所有成像技术中鲁棒地识别。预计传感器的检测能力和灵敏度将通过我们提出的图像分析例程的设计来增强，该例程还将融合来自本研究中待识别的最佳传感器组的数据。从根本上说，这项研究将通过分析显微成像（提供最早存在腐蚀的可靠基础）和光谱分析技术，结合用于诱导腐蚀的所有氯化物的全面知识以及对一系列感兴趣金属的整个腐蚀生命周期的复杂监测和分析。从学术角度来看，拟议的研究旨在做出以下关键的新贡献：-引入新技术，用于在宏观尺度上处理和分析腐蚀产物，以使用来自各种先进光学传感器技术的数据进行检测。通过推进最先进的机器学习技术，对一系列互补的多模态光学传感器进行数据融合和分类，设计、实施和测试新的腐蚀检测工具。创建新的腐蚀年表分析算法，能够模拟腐蚀随时间的进展。一旦使用为培训收集的数据开发，这将应用于看不见的检查镜头，并用于预测腐蚀进展，并帮助确定任何必要的干预措施，以防止不良后果。当与我们使用专家显微镜和材料科学（UoM）提出的技术相结合时，对所提出的光学传感器技术阵列进行稳健验证。使用一套最先进的光学传感器技术创建一个独特的、信息丰富的数据集。据作者所知，这将是第一个允许从微观到宏观尺度对腐蚀产物生命周期进行延时分析的数据集，同时还可以分析待研究材料的潜在化学性质。

This PhD research will focus on designing novel signal and image processing techniques using a combination of state-of-the art Deep Neural Networks and Traditional methods to segment, analyse and quantify corrosion products on materials used in special nuclear materials packages including stainless steel and aluminium extrusions. The work will be conducted in collaboration with University of Manchester (funded by Sellafield and FIND CDT) who will corrode a series of stainless steel and aluminium coupons over time with chlorides of interest for which the chloride index will be known in each experiment. Corrosion coupons will be imaged at regular intervals throughout their lifetime using a range of optical sensor technologies including Stereomicroscopy, Optical Microscopy, Laser Confocal Microscopy, LIBS and RAMAN (University of Manchester) through to RGB and Hyperspectral Imaging (University of Strathclyde). Novel algorithms will be designed at the University of Strathclyde (UoS) to analyse images of all modalities which will result in the creation of a set of multiscale image analysis techniques to detect and quantify corrosion from the microscopic to macroscopic scale using spatial and spectral information. The acquisition of the described dataset, combined with the proposed analysis routines, will be a first-of-their-kind suite of tools to detect - with confidence - the earliest point at which corrosion products can be robustly identified in all imaging technologies. It is anticipated that the detection ability and sensitivity of the sensors will be enhanced by the design of our proposed image analysis routines which will also fuse data from an optimal set of sensors to be identified in this study. Fundamentally, this research will be made possible through the analysis of microscopic imaging (to provide reliable ground truth of the earliest presence of corrosion) and spectroscopic analysis techniques combined with full knowledge of all chlorides used to induce corrosion and sophisticated monitoring and analysis of the entire corrosion lifecycle on a range of metals of interest. From an academic perspective, the proposed research aims to make the following key novel contributions:-Introduction of new techniques for processing and analyzing corrosion products at the macroscopic scale for inspection purposes using data from a diverse set of advanced optical sensor technology.-Design, implementation and testing of new corrosion detection tools by advancing state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques for data fusion and classification of a range of complementary, multimodal, optical sensors.-Creation of novel corrosion chronology analysis algorithms capable of modelling the progression of corrosion over time. Once developed using data gathered for training, this will be applied to unseen inspection footage and used to predict corrosion progression and help identify any necessary intervention to prevent adverse outcomes.-Robust validation of the proposed array of optical sensor technology when combined with our proposed techniques using expert microscopy and materials science (UoM).-Creation of a unique, information-rich dataset gathered using a suite of state-of-the-art optical sensor technology. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this will be the first dataset of its kind to allow the time-lapse analysis of corrosion product lifecycle from the microscopic to macroscopic scale alongside the underlying chemical properties of the materials understudy.