Armour Structures for Ballistic Impact

用于弹道冲击的装甲结构

• 批准号: 2613808
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2613808
• 关键词: Armour; Structures; Ballistic; Impact

Traditionally, armours of been made of monolithic high hardness steel. Recently, however, there is high demand for lightweight armour for improved mobility in various applications, including personal body armour, vehicular armour, and on aircraft. This has led to the use of non-metallic materials, including ceramics and composites. Ceramics have become widely used due to their low density, high hardness, high rigidity and high strength. However, ceramics also have low strength low fracture toughness in tension. Tensile stress can be introduced due to global bending due to impact, or due to reflection of a compressive stress wave off a free surface (which changes it into a tensile wave). This has led to the development of composite armours where a ceramic faceplate is backed by a ductile material such as metal or polymeric composite to resist the tensile stresses. During ballistic impact, the projectile is first shattered or blunted by the hard ceramic, dissipating the energy over a larger area; and the backing plate bends to absorb the remaining kinetic energy, delaying tensile failure in the ceramic, and allowing more projectile erosion. This is now the accepted design for lightweight armours. However, the performance of multi-layered composite armours in ballistic impact is yet to be fully understood, and so the design of multi-layered configurations is not well founded in physics; and there are open questions around design parameters like layer thickness ratios for stress wave management, and what are favourable material response characteristics, particularly at the interface which bonds layers together.

传统上，装甲是由单片高硬度钢制成的。然而，最近，在各种应用中，包括个人防弹衣、车辆防弹衣和飞机上，对用于改善机动性的轻质装甲有很高的需求。这导致了非金属材料的使用，包括陶瓷和复合材料。陶瓷由于其低密度、高硬度、高刚性和高强度而得到广泛应用。然而，陶瓷在拉伸时也具有低强度低断裂韧性。拉伸应力可以由于冲击引起的整体弯曲，或者由于压缩应力波从自由表面反射（将其变为拉伸波）而引入。这导致了复合装甲的发展，其中陶瓷面板由诸如金属或聚合物复合材料的韧性材料支撑以抵抗拉伸应力。在弹道撞击过程中，弹丸首先被硬质陶瓷粉碎或钝化，将能量分散到更大的区域;背板弯曲以吸收剩余的动能，延迟陶瓷的拉伸破坏，并允许更多的弹丸侵蚀。这是目前公认的轻型装甲设计。然而，多层复合装甲在弹道冲击中的性能尚未得到充分理解，因此多层结构的设计在物理学上没有很好的基础;围绕设计参数，如应力波管理的层厚比，以及什么是有利的材料响应特性，特别是在将层粘合在一起的界面处，存在公开的问题。