Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Vibro-motor Reprocessing Therapy for Motion Sickness Reduction

耳迷走神经刺激和振动电机再处理疗法可减少晕动病

• 批准号: 2619598
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Kent
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2619598
• 关键词: Auricular; Vagus; Nerve; Stimulation; Vibro

Motion sickness is a common and complex syndrome that occurs as a physiological responseto real or perceived motion. Despite decades of research, why or how motion sicknessoccurs has not yet been understood well enough. The widely accepted theory is that ofsensory conflict. The theory posits that motion sickness is caused by sensory mismatch ofmotion signals received and transmitted by the eyes and the vestibular system in the innerear [1].An array of symptoms for motion sickness appears when the central nervous systemreceives conflicting information from the multiple sensory systems: the inner ear, eyes, skinpressure receptors and the muscle and joint sensory receptors. The primary symptoms ofmotion sickness are nausea and vomiting.Motion sickness is a serious problem for the people who are prone to the ailment.Unfortunately, this continues to be encountered in all modes of modern transportation. Theauthor believes that this problem is set to be exacerbated in future with the rapidlyincreasing adoption of autonomous vehicle technology in which passengers reportedly feelincreased sickness when sitting in front but not driving. Moreover, motion sickness is anemerging hazard with the proliferation of digital devices and displays [2-3].Countermeasures for motion sickness can be classified as either pharmacologic orbehavioural. Pharmacologic measures include over-the-counter medications such as thosecontaining antihistamines, anticholinergics, amphetamines and serotonin. Research hasshown that the effectiveness of these medications suggest involvement with relatedneurotransmitters: histamine, acetylcholine, noradrenalin and serotonin [4]. Somemedications such as scopolamine, are available only via prescription. Although most currentmeasures are effective at preventing motion sickness, they do little more than inducedrowsiness. Over-the-counter medications, particularly, have adverse effects that canimpair cognitive function and thus represent a safety risk for occupational use [5].Behavioural measures could comprise habituation, reprocessing or desensitisationtreatment protocols [5].The aim of my proposed area of PhD research is to reduce motion sickness/nausea by usingauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (aVNS). There exists another technique other than aVNSthat uses reprocessing therapy based on alternating vibrating stimulations in both palmsgenerally known as Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) that will beexplored due to its novelty. EMDR therapy was originally used in psychological counsellingstudies and is based on eye movement [6]. Using both of these non-invasive techniques, wehypothesize that differences would be evident between participants who were exposed toaVNS and EMDR and those who were not, respectively.The Vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve that originates in the brainstem of the centralnervous system and travels throughout the periphery, targeting every major organ in thethorax and abdomen. Neuromodulation in the form of electrical stimulation of the auricularVagus nerve has a potential promise for electroceutical therapy. aVNS is a non-invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Vibro-motor Reprocessing Therapy for MotionSickness ReductionPhD Proposal by Emmanuel Molefibrain stimulation technique that has been shown to be efficacious in the reduction of stress[7-8]. Study in [9] has shown aVNS as a safe clinical procedure and could be an effectivetreatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) originated by Covid-19 andsimilar viruses.

晕动病是一种常见而复杂的综合征，它是对真实的或感知到的运动的生理反应。尽管经过了几十年的研究，运动病发生的原因和方式仍然没有得到足够的理解。被广泛接受的理论是感觉冲突。该理论认为，运动病是由于眼睛和前庭系统在内部接收和传递运动信号的感觉不匹配引起的[1]，当中枢神经系统从多个感觉系统（内耳、眼睛、皮肤压力感受器和肌肉及关节感觉感受器）接收到相互矛盾的信息时，就会出现一系列运动病症状。晕动病的主要症状是恶心和呕吐。对于容易患晕动病的人来说，晕动病是一个严重的问题。不幸的是，这在所有现代交通工具中都会遇到。作者认为，随着自动驾驶汽车技术的迅速普及，这一问题在未来将变得更加严重，据报道，当乘客坐在前面而不是驾驶时，他们会感到更加恶心。此外，随着数字设备和显示器的普及，晕动病是一种新兴的危险[2-3]。晕动病的对策可以分为药物或行为。药理学措施包括非处方药，如抗组胺药、抗胆碱能药、安非他明和5-羟色胺。研究表明，这些药物的有效性表明与相关的神经递质有关：组胺，乙酰胆碱，去甲肾上腺素和血清素[4]。有些药物，如东莨菪碱，只能通过处方获得。尽管目前的大多数措施在预防晕动病方面是有效的，但它们只不过是诱导晕动病。特别是非处方药，其副作用可能损害认知功能，因此对职业使用构成安全风险[5]。行为措施可能包括习惯化、再加工或脱敏治疗方案[5]。我建议的博士研究领域的目的是通过使用耳迷走神经刺激（aVNS）来减少运动病/恶心。除了aVNS，还有另一种技术，它使用基于双手交替振动刺激的再处理疗法，通常称为眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR），由于其新奇，将被探索。EMDR疗法最初用于心理咨询研究，基于眼球运动[6]。使用这两种非侵入性技术，我们假设分别暴露于VNS和EMDR的参与者与未暴露于VNS和EMDR的参与者之间的差异是明显的。迷走神经是第10条脑神经，起源于中枢神经系统的脑干，穿过外周，靶向胸部和腹部的每一个主要器官。以电刺激耳迷走神经的形式进行的神经调节对于电疗法具有潜在的前景。aVNS是一种非侵入性耳迷走神经刺激和振动运动再处理疗法，用于减少运动病，Emmanuel Molefibrain刺激技术的博士提案已被证明可有效减轻压力[7-8]。[9]中的研究表明，aVNS是一种安全的临床手术，可能是由Covid-19和类似病毒引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的有效治疗方法。