Peripheral Degradation of Amyloid Beta-Protein

描述（由申请人提供）：淀粉样β-蛋白（ABeta）的稳态水平反映了通过β-和γ-分泌酶产生的关键过程与通过一种或多种蛋白酶进行的蛋白水解降解之间的平衡，淀粉样β-蛋白（ABeta）在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中异常积累。虽然已经广泛研究了基于分泌酶的药理学阻断的疗法，但很少有工作研究了激活或去抑制ABeta降解蛋白酶的补充方法。最近的证据表明，在外周与ABeta紧密结合的分子（例如，抗体，凝溶胶蛋白）可以在类似于透析的反应中降低脑中ABeta的水平，表明ABeta的中枢和外周库以快速平衡存在。通过扩展，我们假设增强外周ABeta的降解也会降低大脑ABeta水平，我们称之为“外周降解假说”。“为了验证这一新的假设，并确定新的药物靶标和作用于外周ABeta降解的小分子药效团，我们提出了以下目标。首先，为了直接测试外周降解假说，通过使用具有肝脏特异性启动子的腺病毒，将A β降解蛋白酶仅在APP转基因小鼠的外周中过表达。第二，为了鉴定体内外周中的主要A β降解蛋白酶，将在野生型小鼠和缺乏特异性A β降解蛋白酶的小鼠中比较静脉内施用的AB 3 eta的清除率。此外，将使用蛋白酶特异性抑制剂鉴定人血清中的主要A β降解蛋白酶。第三，与神经变性药物发现实验室合作，将使用人血清或重组蛋白酶作为ABeta降解活性的来源，对约60，000个小分子药效团进行高通量ABeta降解测定。总的来说，本提案中概述的研究将评估-并可能增强-外周A β降解蛋白酶作为AD新治疗靶点的潜力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Steady-state levels of the amyloid beta-protein (ABeta), which accumulates abnormally in Alzheimer's disease (AD), reflect the balance between the key processes of production, via the beta- and gamma- secretases, and proteolytic degradation, by one or more proteases. While therapies based on pharmacological blockade of the secretases have been extensively studied, very little work has examined the complimentary approach of activating or disinhibiting ABeta degrading proteases. Recent evidence shows that molecules that bind tightly to ABeta in the periphery (e.g., antibodies, gelsolin) can decrease levels of ABeta in the brain in a reaction akin to dialysis, indicating that central and peripheral pools of ABeta exist in rapid equilibrium. By extension, we hypothesize that enhancing degradation of ABeta in the periphery will also lower brain ABeta levels, an idea we call the "peripheral degradation hypothesis." To test this new hypothesis, and to identify novel drug targets and small molecule pharmacophores acting on peripheral ABeta degradation, we propose the following Aims. First, to directly test the peripheral degradation hypothesis, ABeta-degrading proteases will be overexpressed exclusively in the periphery of APP transgenic mice by using adenovirus with liver-specific promoters. Second, to identify the principal ABeta-degrading proteases in the periphery in vivo, the rate of clearance of intravenously administered AB3eta will be compared in wildtype mice and in mice lacking specific ABeta-degrading proteases. In addition, the major ABeta-degrading proteases in human serum will be identified using protease-specific inhibitors. Third, in collaboration with the Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, a high throughput ABeta-degradation assay will be performed on approximately 60,000 small molecule pharmacophores using human serum or recombinant proteases as the source of ABeta degrading activity. Collectively, the studies outlined in this proposal will evaluate--and potentially enhance--the potential of peripheral ABeta-degrading proteases as novel therapeutic targets in AD.