Investigating the Rotation of Sunspots with the Solar Dynamics Observatory

利用太阳动力学观测站研究太阳黑子的旋转

• 批准号: 2636832
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Central Lancashire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2636832
• 关键词: Investigating; Rotation; Sunspots; Solar; Dynamics

The aim of this project is to investigate the rotation of sunspots in the solar surface. These rotations, which can last for 10s of days, are an observable consequence of the transfer of magnetic information from the solar interior to the atmosphere. Excess energy stored in the solar atmosphere can be released through eruptions such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which can impact us on the Earth.In particular, this project will automate the locating and tracking of sunspots so that sunspot rotations can easily be calculated. Additionally, this will provide information about the relative motions of sunspots within an active region to determine additional sources of energy input (such as shear between sunspots and other magnetic foot point motions) and identify the dominant input mechanisms.The automated approach will be tested against a four-month sample that has already been manually generated. Once this is successful, a larger statistical sample will be generated for scientific exploitation (SDO has an archive of 11 years of continuous data that can be exploited, though analysing the entire catalogue would be a major undertaking in data management, so carefully selected periods will be targeted). This sample will be used to test whether sunspot rotation is a key mechanism for injecting excess energy for (large) solar eruptions, and which other mechanisms may significantly contribute to this process.The project will primarily use data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to identify sunspots and their rotation. SDO provides continuous, high-resolution (in time and space) observations of the solar disk in a range of spectral pass bands that correspond to different layers of the Sun's surface and atmosphere. However, new instrumentation will come online during the PhD period, such as ESA's Solar Orbiter mission, and this will be exploited as appropriate.

该项目的目的是研究太阳表面黑子的旋转。这些旋转可以持续数十天，是磁场信息从太阳内部转移到大气层的可观测结果。储存在太阳大气层中的多余能量可以通过太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射等喷发释放出来，这些喷发可能会影响地球上的我们。特别是，该项目将自动定位和跟踪太阳黑子，以便可以轻松计算太阳黑子的旋转。此外，这将提供关于活动区内太阳黑子相对运动的信息，以确定其他能量输入来源（例如太阳黑子之间的剪切和其他磁足点运动），并确定主要输入机制，将对照已手动生成的四个月样本测试自动化方法。一旦成功，将产生更大的统计样本供科学利用（空间数据观测所拥有可供利用的11年连续数据档案，尽管分析整个目录将是数据管理的一项重大任务，因此将以精心挑选的时期为目标）。该样本将用于测试太阳黑子旋转是否是（大）太阳爆发注入多余能量的关键机制，以及哪些其他机制可能对这一过程有重大贡献。该项目将主要使用来自美国宇航局太阳动力学天文台（SDO）的数据来识别太阳黑子及其旋转。SDO在对应于太阳表面和大气层不同层的光谱通带范围内提供对太阳盘的连续、高分辨率（在时间和空间上）观测。然而，新的仪器将在博士期间上线，如欧空局的太阳轨道器使命，这将是适当的利用。