Rethinking Birth and Maternity as Philosophical Categories: Hannah Arendt's Notion Of Natality In Dialogue With Contemporary Feminist Thought

重新思考出生和母性作为哲学范畴：汉娜·阿伦特的出生概念与当代女权主义思想的对话

• 批准号: 2637012
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Kingston University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2637012
• 关键词: Rethinking; Birth; Maternity; Philosophical; Categories

The aim of my project is to contest the "thanatological" turn in twentieth-century European philosophy by rethinking "birth" and "maternity" as philosophical categories. I propose to do this by developing Hannah Arendt's notion of natality with further resources from contemporary feminist thought.Mortality has been conceived as a constitutive part of human existence since at least the thought of the ancient Greeks but in the twentieth century various continental philosophers foregrounded it again, offering different interpretations of death (Heidegger 1927, Lévinas 1992, Derrida 1993). In this context Hannah Arendt (1958) proposes the alternative paradigm of 'natality'. She interprets the meaning of birth in terms of 'initiative', attending to the bodily and plural reality of human existence. Arendt's proposed shift paved the way for a new feminist philosophical current concentrating on the analysis of the notions of gender, birth and maternity, most notably in the work of Cavarero, Irigaray, Kristeva, Ruddick and Duden.My research aims to investigate why, despite the success of these feminist positions, there is still a tendency to reject birth and maternity as philosophical categories. How is this rejection connected to the return of thanatology in twentieth century philosophy and with an uncritical sexual differentiation of humankind? What challenge may the categories of birth and maternity pose to the Western philosophical tradition?This research will address these questions by interpreting birth and maternity not as mere natural events, restricted in time and linked to an uncritical vision of femininity, but as authentic existential possibilities, to be elevated to philosophical categories. It will investigate how birth and maternally-oriented philosophical thought challenge traditional philosophical and political categories, such as the notions of autonomy, freedom, and sovereignty and will develop a philosophical approach that allows us to focus on the interdependence and the relationality of the human condition.

我的项目的目的是通过重新思考作为哲学范畴的“出生”和“母性”来质疑20世纪欧洲哲学中的“死亡论”转向。我建议通过发展汉娜·阿伦特的出生概念，从当代女权主义思想的进一步资源来做到这一点。至少从古希腊人的思想开始，死亡就被认为是人类存在的一个组成部分，但在20世纪，各种大陆哲学家再次突出了它，对死亡提出了不同的解释（海德格尔，1927年，列维纳斯，1992年，德里达，1993年）。汉娜·阿伦特（Hannah Arendt）（1958）提出了另一种“出生性”范式。她从“主动性”的角度解释了出生的意义，关注人类存在的身体和多元现实。阿伦特提出的转变铺平了道路，为一个新的女权主义哲学目前集中在性别，出生和母性的概念分析，最显着的工作卡瓦列罗，Irigaray，克里斯蒂娃，鲁迪克和Duden.My研究的目的是调查为什么，尽管这些女权主义立场的成功，仍然有一种倾向，拒绝出生和母性的哲学范畴。这种拒绝与死亡学在二十世纪哲学中的回归以及人类不加批判的性别差异有什么联系？生育和母性的范畴对西方哲学传统可能构成什么样的挑战？本研究将解决这些问题，通过解释出生和母性不仅仅是自然事件，在时间上受到限制，并与女性气质的不加批判的愿景相关联，而是作为真实的存在可能性，被提升到哲学范畴。它将探讨出生和母性导向的哲学思想如何挑战传统的哲学和政治范畴，如自主，自由和主权的概念，并将发展一种哲学方法，使我们能够专注于人类条件的相互依存和关系。