Embedded questionnaires for adaptive games

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A growing number of games adapt to the player: reducing their difficulty if the player is struggling or increasing it if they are doing well. These adaptive games require a measurement of the player experience which is typically done by inferring from data gathered from gameplay, with direct real time measurement of player experience limited to the laboratory. This represents a key weakness of current affect driven dynamic difficulty adjustment systems: the inability to adapt directly based on the player's state. Embedded questionnaires present a solution to this: by leveraging the wide variety of player experience questionnaires it is possible to develop a method by which these can be embedded into games to then directly use the players emotional state to adapt the game.