False positives in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children

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Chlamydia trachomatis causes sexually transmitted infections, and also the eye disease trachoma. The detection of Chlamydia in urine sample from a child can be seen as evidence for sexual abuse. We will assess the potential impacts of three mechanisms that could conceivably lead to urogenital Chlamydia diagnosis in a child in the absence of sexual abuse: contamination of the urogenital site with ocula Chlamydia, contamination of urine samples after collection, and diagnostic test malfunction.