Social Anxiety Disorder and Emotion Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在确定可能导致社交焦虑症（SAD）持续性和残疾的特征和过程。越来越多的证据表明，享乐主义过程（例如，快乐减少）适用于过度的社交焦虑，而不仅仅是抑郁症。我们将测试一个模型，该模型表明，当个体进行严格和不灵活的内部斗争以调节和避免焦虑体验时，正常的社交焦虑感会转化为病理。投入大量的时间和精力在经验回避上，可能会干扰向快乐和有价值方向的运动。拟议的研究将解决先前工作的局限性，包括过度依赖全球自我报告，模拟样本和缺乏理论。在本研究中，将SAD患者与非疾病对照组进行比较。将使用带有交互式语音应答（IVR）系统的蜂窝电话连续14天收集每个人自然环境中的实时数据（例如，社交焦虑的自我监控和社交互动期间和之后的经验性回避）。IVR报告将发生在每次社交互动持续至少10分钟后，在随机的每日提示期间，以及在一天结束时的访谈中。参与者将自我监测日常社交焦虑，情绪调节策略（例如，抑制）、经验回避、注意力集中、情感、生活事件和其他变量（例如，感知的亲密）。IVR报告14天后，将收集每个互动伙伴的数据（例如，关系质量）。假设：（1）SAD患者会报告积极体验减少，积极事件减少，并且这些关系会受到社会背景的调节（例如，互动伙伴的更高对更低的社会地位）和经验回避（即，（2）社交互动过程中更大的社交焦虑将与减少的积极体验和更多的经验性回避有关;（3）经验性回避将介导SAD和积极结果之间的关系;（4）效应不会是共病的结果。这项研究将确定在日常生活中有和没有SAD的个人的经历和过程。研究结果可能最终导致更有效的干预措施的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research seeks to identify characteristics and processes that potentially contribute to the persistence and disability of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). There is growing evidence that anhedonic processes (e.g., diminished pleasure) apply to excessive social anxiety and not just depression. We will test a model suggesting that normal feelings of social anxiety transform into pathology when individuals engage in rigid and inflexible internal struggles to regulate and avoid anxious experiences. The devotion of enormous time and energy toward experiential avoidance may interfere with movement toward pleasurable and valued directions. The proposed research will address limitations of prior work including an over- reliance on global self-reports, analogue samples, and an absence of theory. In the present study, individuals with SAD will be compared to a non-disordered control group. Cellular phones with interactive voice response (IVR) systems will be used to collect real-time data in each individual's natural environment for 14 consecutive days (e.g., self-monitoring of social anxiety and experiential avoidance during and after social interactions). IVR reporting will occur after each social interaction lasting at least 10 minutes, during random daily prompts, and at end-of-day interviews. Participants will self-monitor daily social anxiety, emotion regulation strategies (e.g., suppression), experiential avoidance, attentional focus, affect, life events, and other variables (e.g., perceived intimacy). After the 14 days of IVR reporting, data will be collected on each interaction partner (e.g., relationship quality). It is hypothesized that: (1) individuals with SAD will report diminished positive experiences, fewer positive events, and these relations will be moderated by social context (e.g., greater versus lower social status of interaction partner) and experiential avoidance (i.e., individuals with SAD reporting greater struggles to suppress and avoid anxious experiences will report particularly diminished positive experiences), (2) greater social anxiety during social interactions will be related to diminished positive experiences and more experiential avoidance, (3) experiential avoidance will mediate relationships between SAD and positive outcomes, and (4) effects will not be the result of comorbidity. This research will identify the experiences and processes of individuals with and without SAD in everyday life. Findings could ultimately lead to the development of more effective intervention efforts.