Social Anxiety Disorder and Emotion Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在确定可能导致社交焦虑障碍（SAD）持续和残疾的特征和过程。越来越多的证据表明，快感缺乏过程（例如，快感减少）不仅适用于抑郁症，还适用于过度的社交焦虑。我们将测试一个模型，该模型表明，当个体从事僵化和不灵活的内部斗争以调节和避免焦虑体验时，正常的社交焦虑感觉会转变为病理。将大量的时间和精力投入到体验回避上，可能会妨碍人们朝着愉快和有价值的方向前进。拟议的研究将解决先前工作的局限性，包括过度依赖全球自我报告，模拟样本和缺乏理论。在目前的研究中，患有SAD的个体将与无障碍的对照组进行比较。将使用带有交互式语音应答（IVR）系统的移动电话，连续14天在每个人的自然环境中收集实时数据（例如，社交互动期间和之后的社交焦虑自我监测和体验性回避）。IVR报告将在每次持续至少10分钟的社交互动之后，在随机的每日提示期间，以及在一天结束的采访中进行。参与者将自我监测日常社交焦虑、情绪调节策略（如压抑）、经验回避、注意力集中、影响、生活事件和其他变量（如感知亲密关系）。在14天的IVR报告后，将收集每个互动伙伴的数据（例如，关系质量）。假设：(1) SAD个体会报告积极体验减少，积极事件减少，这些关系会被社会环境（例如，互动伙伴的社会地位更高或更低）和经验回避（即，SAD个体报告更大的挣扎来抑制和避免焦虑经历，会报告特别减少的积极体验）所调节。(2)社交互动中社交焦虑的增加会导致积极体验的减少和体验回避的增加，(3)体验回避会调节SAD与积极结果的关系，(4)这种影响不是共病的结果。本研究将确定患有和不患有SAD的个体在日常生活中的经历和过程。研究结果可能最终导致制定更有效的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research seeks to identify characteristics and processes that potentially contribute to the persistence and disability of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). There is growing evidence that anhedonic processes (e.g., diminished pleasure) apply to excessive social anxiety and not just depression. We will test a model suggesting that normal feelings of social anxiety transform into pathology when individuals engage in rigid and inflexible internal struggles to regulate and avoid anxious experiences. The devotion of enormous time and energy toward experiential avoidance may interfere with movement toward pleasurable and valued directions. The proposed research will address limitations of prior work including an over- reliance on global self-reports, analogue samples, and an absence of theory. In the present study, individuals with SAD will be compared to a non-disordered control group. Cellular phones with interactive voice response (IVR) systems will be used to collect real-time data in each individual's natural environment for 14 consecutive days (e.g., self-monitoring of social anxiety and experiential avoidance during and after social interactions). IVR reporting will occur after each social interaction lasting at least 10 minutes, during random daily prompts, and at end-of-day interviews. Participants will self-monitor daily social anxiety, emotion regulation strategies (e.g., suppression), experiential avoidance, attentional focus, affect, life events, and other variables (e.g., perceived intimacy). After the 14 days of IVR reporting, data will be collected on each interaction partner (e.g., relationship quality). It is hypothesized that: (1) individuals with SAD will report diminished positive experiences, fewer positive events, and these relations will be moderated by social context (e.g., greater versus lower social status of interaction partner) and experiential avoidance (i.e., individuals with SAD reporting greater struggles to suppress and avoid anxious experiences will report particularly diminished positive experiences), (2) greater social anxiety during social interactions will be related to diminished positive experiences and more experiential avoidance, (3) experiential avoidance will mediate relationships between SAD and positive outcomes, and (4) effects will not be the result of comorbidity. This research will identify the experiences and processes of individuals with and without SAD in everyday life. Findings could ultimately lead to the development of more effective intervention efforts.