Identification and tracking of neural stem cells in vivo: a metabolomic approach

描述（由申请人提供）：通过脑成像识别人神经干细胞（NSC）的能力可能对诊断、预后和治疗目的具有深远的意义。 目前，还没有临床的高分辨率成像技术，能够调查未标记的NSC及其后代的存活，迁移，命运和功能。 人类神经干细胞的体内研究受到缺乏明确的标记物的阻碍，这些标记物可以将它们与其他神经细胞类型区分开来。 本研究的目的是通过体外和体内NSC的代谢指纹图谱来确定NSC的标志物。 我们的目标是开发新的成像和信号处理方法，使NSC的行为在健康和疾病状态的非侵入性调查，从早期人类发展到老年。 我们假设哺乳动物神经干细胞有一个特定的代谢标志物，可以通过光谱学鉴定。 我们的具体目标是：1）使用质子核磁共振（1H-NMR）光谱表征体外NSC的代谢组学指纹，并将其与神经元和神经胶质1H-NMR指纹进行比较; 2）开发将允许表征体内NSC命运的高分辨率质子核磁共振光谱（1H-MRS）采集方案; 3）开发信号处理算法，即使从具有低信噪比和有限的光谱、空间和时间分辨率的数据中也能提供细胞密度的准确估计。 我们的初步实验表明，我们能够识别的基础上，他们的1H-NMR代谢指纹的NSC。 此外，我们还可以使用1H-MRS和9.4T mMRI扫描仪在活体大鼠脑中检测到内源性和外源性NSC。 我们计划进一步表征NSC和其他神经细胞类型的代谢组学特征，并进一步对活体大鼠大脑进行代谢组学分析。 用于体内NSC的识别、定量和跟踪的信号处理算法将基于奇异值分解方法，并将利用从体外实验中获得的先验知识。 这项创新研究不仅将证明使用1H-MRS光谱进行体内代谢组学研究的可行性，而且还将导致干细胞研究领域的突破。 最重要的是，这项研究是未来NSC临床研究的必要前提。 监测人脑中NSC的根本变化的能力将激发对神经系统疾病的新研究，其中NSC病理学可能有助于疾病的病因学，并将启动新治疗方法的开发。 拟议的研究本质上是多学科的，涉及神经科学家，物理学家，工程师，化学家和成像科学家的合作。 他们每个人都将提供斯托尼布鲁克大学和布鲁克海文国家实验室提供的独特而互补的专业知识和资源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to identify human neural stem cells (NSC) by brain imaging may have profound implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Currently, there are no clinical, high-resolution imaging techniques that enable investigations of the survival, migration, fate, and function of unlabeled NSC and their progeny. The study of human NSC in vivo is hindered by the absence of well-defined markers that can distinguish them from other neural cell types. The goal of this proposal is to define markers of NSC by characterizing metabolomic fingerprint of NSC both in vitro and in vivo. Our objectives are to develop novel imaging and signal processing methodologies that would enable non-invasive investigations of NSC behavior in healthy and disease states, from early human development to older age. We hypothesize that mammalian NSC have a specific metabolic marker that can be identified by spectroscopy. Our specific aims are: 1) to characterize a metabolomic fingerprint of NSC in vitro using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare it to the neuronal and glial 1H-NMR fingerprints; 2) to develop high resolution proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) acquisition protocols that will allow for characterization of the NSC fate in vivo; 3) to develop signal processing algorithms that will provide accurate estimates of cell densities even from data with low signal-to-noise ratio and limited spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. Our preliminary experiments have demonstrated that we are able to identify the NSC on the basis of their 1H-NMR metabolomic fingerprint. In addition, we can detect both endogenous and exogenous NSC in the living rat brain, using 1H-MRS and 9.4T mMRI scanner. We plan to further characterize the metabolomic signature of NSC and other neural cell types, and to further perform metabolomic profiling of the living rat brain. The signal processing algorithms for identification, quantification, and tracking of NSC in vivo will be based on singular value decomposition methodology and will exploit prior knowledge gained from in vitro experiments. This innovative research will not only demonstrate the feasibility of using 1H-MRS spectroscopy for metabolomic investigations in vivo, but will also lead to a breakthrough in the field of stem cell research. Most importantly, this research is an essential prerequisite for future clinical investigations of NSC. The ability to monitor the fundamental changes of the NSC in the human brain will instigate new studies of neurological disorders where NSC pathology might contribute to the etiology of the disease and will initiate developments of new treatments. The proposed research is intrinsically multidisciplinary and involves collaborations of neuroscientists, physicists, engineers, chemists, and imaging scientists. Each of them will provide unique yet complementary expertise and resources available at the Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory.