Investigating 'cross-talk' between pathogenic Vibrio and phytoplankton, and implications for human health under climate change.(Ref:4297)

研究致病性弧菌和浮游植物之间的“串扰”，以及气候变化对人类健康的影响。（参考文献：4297）

• 批准号: 2699012
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2699012
• 关键词: Investigating; cross; talk; between; pathogenic

Communication amongst humans allows us to live together in societies. Breakdowns in communication can lead to conflicts and a breakdown of society's structures. However, communication is not limited to humans. Chemical cues and signals, collectively called infochemicals (Fig. 1), are widely used by organisms living on land and sea to communicate between individuals within a species or between different species. For example, albatrosses use a simple chemical cue called DMS (dimethyl sulphide) to track highly productive areas where they forage on zooplankton, squid, fish, and even other birds!We know from terrestrial ecosystems that climate change stressors such as warming can alter the production and composition of infochemicals with profound negative effects on natural ecosystems. Although this chemical communication currently works well in the ocean, we do not know how marine organisms will communicate under climate change!Phytoplankton, the producers of 50% oxygen we breathe, also use infochemicals to 'talk' to other organisms like microbes, including pathogens such as Vibrio which can be either deterred or attracted towards phytoplankton. Several Vibrio species are human pathogens known to cause waterborne diseases, e.g. Vibrio cholerae responsible for cholera. Climate change is predicted to escalate this problem, posing increased threat to human health.In this project you will conduct a novel set of experiments underpinning phytoplankton-Vibrio relationships mediated by infochemicals, and explore how climate change induced stressors such as temperature, salinity and precipitation might change phytoplankton-Vibrio interactions. Results will enable us to understand dynamics of phytoplankton-pathogenic marine bacteria interaction, in particular microbes such as Vibrios that represent an emerging disease threat in Europe and other higher latitudes, driven by climate change.Project Aims and Methods:The chemically enriched phycosphere (Fig 2), the microscale mucous region enveloping phytoplankton cells, represents the marketplace where interactions between algae and other organisms are controlled by exuded chemicals. In this PhD, you will undertake pioneering research to establish how the association of Vibrio with phytoplankton are controlled by infochemicals. You will work at the interface of ecology, microbiology, chemistry, physiology and climate change research investigating novel questions such as (i) which infochemicals enable positive and negative 'cross-talk' of phytoplankton with selected Vibrio species; (ii) how the entire chemical landscape appears during such associations; and (iii) how such association changes in response to climate-change-induced stressors.You will work in a highly interdisciplinary international team (UK and Germany) and use different advanced techniques to isolate anti- and pro-Vibrio compounds from phytoplankton cultures and will be trained to use different spectroscopy methods. You will collaborate with Georg Pohnert (Max Plank Institute of Chemical Ecology, Germany) to use latest 'omics' techniques such as untargeted whole cell and single cell metabolomics. You will also perform laboratory incubations to quantify the effect of stressors such as mean temperature rise on the Vibrio-phytoplankton association. Data will be analyzed using multivariate statistics. You will be allowed freedom and flexibility to modify the project design and direction, depending on your interests and skills, within the broad scope of the project's aims.

人类之间的交流使我们能够在社会中共同生活。沟通的崩溃会导致冲突和社会结构的细分。但是，沟通不仅限于人类。化学提示和信号统称为Infochemicals（图1），被生活在陆地和海洋上的生物广泛使用，以在某个物种内或不同物种之间的个体之间进行交流。例如，信天翁使用一种称为DMS（二甲基硫化二甲基硫化物）的简单化学提示来跟踪它们在浮游动物，鱿鱼，鱼类甚至其他鸟类上觅食的高生产力区域！我们从气候变化压力（例如变暖）的陆地生态系统中知道，可以改变对自然生态系统产生深刻的影响的产生和成分。尽管这种化学通信目前目前在海洋中运行良好，但我们不知道海洋生物在气候变化下将如何进行交流！我们呼吸的50％氧气的生产商植物生物也会使用InfoChemicals与其他生物体“交谈”，例如诸如病原体（包括病原体），例如垂体（包括垂体），可以被吓倒或吸引phytoplankston。几种弧菌物种是已知引起水传播疾病的人类病原体，例如弧形霍乱负责霍乱。预计气候变化会升级这个问题，对人类健康构成增加的威胁。在该项目中，您将进行一组新型的实验，基础的浮游植物植物关系由Infochemicals介导，并探索气候变化如何诱导压力源，例如温度，盐分和降水，可能会改变植物性植物量比浮游生物的互动。结果将使我们能够理解浮游植物 - 病原海洋细菌的相互作用，特别是微生物，例如纤维状纤维，代表了欧洲的新兴疾病威胁和其他较高的纬度，并由气候变化驱动，气候变化。项目的目标和方法。藻类和其他生物由渗出化学物质控制。在该博士学位上，您将进行开创性的研究，以确定如何通过Infochemicals控制颤动与浮游植物的关联。您将在生态学，微生物学，化学，生理和气候变化研究的界面上工作，研究了新的问题，例如（i）InfoChemicals可以使用选定的Vibrio物种的浮游植物的正面和负面的“交叉对话”； （ii）在此类关联期间如何出现整个化学景观； （iii）这种关联如何响应气候变化引起的压力源。您将在高度跨学科的国际团队（英国和德国）中工作，并使用不同的先进技术来隔离植物浮游生物的抗抗颤音化合物，并将接受训练以使用不同的光谱法。您将与Georg Pohnert（德国Max Plank化学生态学研究所）合作，使用最新的“ Omics”技术，例如未靶向的全细胞和单细胞代谢组学。您还将进行实验室孵化，以量化压力源（例如平均温度升高）对纤维浮游植物关联的影响。数据将使用多元统计数据进行分析。根据您的兴趣和技能，您将允许您自由和灵活性在项目的广泛范围内修改项目设计和方向。