How to be Good: An Exploration of the Moral Circle and its Relationship with Wealth and Individualism

如何做好人：道德圈及其与财富和个人主义关系的探索

• 批准号: 2712638
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2712638
• 关键词: How; Good; Exploration; Moral; Circle

The goal of this project is to explore the relationship between altruistic motivation, wealth, and ideological individualism. It comprises three parts: Part 1: The Moral Circle A cross-disciplinary exploration of the underlying motivation to act altruistically in terms of the moral circle (the group we consider worthy of moral consideration). Aim: to form a logically coherent, empirically supported conception of the moral circle. RQ: How should the moral circle be understood and measured in altruism research? Methodology: A systematic literature search will be conducted of accessible philosophy and psychology databases for articles and books using keywords like "moral", "circle" and "expansiveness". Relevant materials will be closely read and critically analysed to arrive at a logically and empirically justified conceptualisation of the moral circle suitable for altruism research. I will consider the validity of existing measures, if circle size is trait or state, and what constitutes moral circle membership. Part 2: The Social Life of Altruism A qualitative interview study using discourse analysis to examine how altruists talk about their moral behaviour and themselves. Aim: To explore the ways in which altruists construct their identity, morality and altruistic behaviour. RQ1: How do altruists construct altruism and their own identity? Does this differ from social norms? RQ2: How do altruists construct their motivation to behave altruistically? How are these constructions used and is their usage influenced by ideology? RQ3: What do these constructions tell us about the role of personal cost in altruism? Method: A purposive opportunity sample of UK altruists will be recruited from 4 groups including wealth-independent, apolitical and anonymous altruistic acts. Unspecified organ donors COVID-19 volunteers People who risked arrest for activism for common good causes People who engaged in acts of spontaneous heroism (e.g. impulsive life-saving, ethical walk-outs) ~10 participants will be recruited for each group totalling n=~40. Participants will undertake semi-structured interviews concerning their identity, motivation and altruism. Analysis will follow the principles of critical discursive psychology. Part 3. Wealth, Individualism and the Moral Circle A between-subjects survey study investigating the relationship of wealth and individualism to altruistic motivation. Aim: to explore the relationships between wealth and individualism and moral circle size. RQ1: Is there a relationship between wealth and moral circle size? Individualism and moral circle size? RQ2: Do wealth and individualism interact to affect moral circle size? Method: As effect sizes in previous research into the link between wealth and morality have been small-medium (Piff et al., 2010, 2013), an opportunity sample of n=262 will be recruited (a =.05, 1-B = .95, p=.20). Confidence intervals for effect sizes will be calculated using bootstrap resampling. To ensure representation across the wealth spectrum, recruitment will use both targeted advertising and online tools (e.g. Prolific). Participants will take established measures of objective and subjective wealth, individualism and moral circle size. Other possible correlates of moral circle size that might vary systematically with wealth/individualism will be identified and measured following a systematic cross-disciplinary literature search. Relationships between wealth x moral circle size and individualism x moral circle size will be tested using bivariate correlations. Multiple regression will be used to test whether wealth + individualism influences moral circle size and to control confounding variables, and path analysis to explore directed dependencies between variables.

这个项目的目标是探索利他主义动机、财富和意识形态个人主义之间的关系。它包括三个部分：第一部分：道德圈--关于道德圈(我们认为值得道德考虑的群体)利他主义行为的潜在动机的跨学科探索。目的：形成一个逻辑上连贯的、有经验支持的道德圈概念。问：在利他主义研究中，道德圈应该如何理解和衡量？方法：对哲学和心理学数据库进行系统的文献搜索，以“道德”、“圈子”和“扩张性”为关键词搜索文章和书籍。相关材料将被仔细阅读和批判性分析，以得出适用于利他主义研究的道德圈的逻辑和经验上合理的概念化。我会考虑现有措施的有效性，圈子的大小是特质还是国家，以及什么构成道德圈子成员。第二部分：利他主义的社会生活一项定性访谈研究，使用话语分析来考察利他主义者如何谈论他们的道德行为和他们自己。目的：探索利他主义者构建其身份、道德和利他行为的方式。RQ1：利他主义者如何构建利他主义和他们自己的身份？这与社会规范有什么不同？RQ2：利他主义者如何构建他们利他行为的动机？这些构式是如何使用的，它们的使用是否受到意识形态的影响？RQ3：关于个人成本在利他主义中的作用，这些结构告诉了我们什么？方法：有目的的英国利他主义者的机会样本将从4个群体中招募，包括财富独立、非政治和匿名的利他主义行为。未指明的器官捐赠者新冠肺炎志愿者因公益激进主义而冒着被捕风险的人从事自发的英雄主义行为(如冲动救命、道德罢工)的人将被招募到每组10名参与者，总计n=40人。参与者将接受关于他们的身份、动机和利他主义的半结构化访谈。分析将遵循批判论述心理学的原则。财富、个人主义与道德圈--一项关于财富、个人主义与利他动机关系的被试间调查研究。目的：探讨财富与个人主义、道德圈大小之间的关系。RQ1：财富和道德圈子大小之间有关系吗？个人主义和道德圈子的大小？问2：财富和个人主义相互作用是否会影响道德圈子的大小？方法：由于以前关于财富和道德之间联系的研究的效应大小为中小型(Piff等人，2010,2013)，因此将招募n=262个机会样本(a=0.05，1-B=.95，p=.20)。将使用Bootstrap重采样来计算效果大小的可信区间。为了确保在财富范围内的代表性，招聘将使用有针对性的广告和在线工具(例如多产)。参与者将采取既定的衡量客观和主观财富、个人主义和道德圈子大小的标准。道德圈大小的其他可能的相关性可能会随着财富/个人主义的系统变化而变化，将在系统的跨学科文献搜索后确定和衡量。财富×道德圈大小和个人主义x道德圈大小之间的关系将使用双变量相关性进行检验。多元回归将被用来检验财富+个人主义是否影响道德圈子的大小，并控制混杂变量，路径分析将被用来探索变量之间的直接相关性。