Self assembly peptide hydrogels: functional characterisation for peritoneal delivery

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Endometriosis is a debilitating condition that affects an estimated 190 million women worldwide (1). In endometriosis, cells similar to the lining of the womb grow elsewhere in the body, typically around the reproductive organs, bladder and the bowel. These endometrial-like cells form lesions that thicken, break down and bleed with each menstrual cycle leading to inflammation and the formation of scar tissue. Chronic pelvic pain, infertility and bowel obstruction are the most common symptoms with a significant impact on health-related quality of life estimated at £8.2 billion/ annum in the UK alone (2). Major symptoms are eased by laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) where deposits of endometriosis are located and destroyed. However, recovery is often short-lived with over 60 percent of women requiring repeat operations due to the regrowth of residual endometriosis cells and/or the formation of new adhesions from surgical trauma (3). Even after surgery, continuous use of oral contraceptives and progestins are recommended for endometriosis-related pain. Often they cause side effects, including mood changes, acne and headaches, and are unsuitable in women who desire pregnancy. Good medical management may require alternative routes of drug delivery to target sites of endometriosis, such as use of a sophisticated pelvic hydrogel system.