Dynamic sensorimotor control for spatial orientation

空间定向的动态感觉运动控制

• 批准号: 7035244
• 负责人: CYNTHIA F MOSS
• 金额: $ 32.03万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-15 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7035244
• 关键词: Chiroptera; auditory stimulus; auditory tracking; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain stem; electrophysiology; ethology; neural information processing; neurophysiology; orientation; sensorimotor system; sensory discrimination; sensory feedback; single cell analysis; sonar; space perception; superior colliculus; telemetry; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Spatially-guided behaviors are central to the healthy functioning of humans, and a broader knowledge of sensorimotor integration will facilitate treatment and rehabilitation when it fails to develop normally or breaks down through disease. Individuals with impaired visual function depend largely on audition to direct their movements, and yet surprisingly, blind individuals may show impaired audiomotor integration, perhaps because they lack the visual input normally used to calibrate this sensorimotor feedback system. To date, little research effort has been directed at understanding the integration of auditory information with motor programs for spatially-guided behavior in mammals, and the studies described in this proposal will yield data that advance our general understanding of auditory information processing and adaptive motor control for spatial orientation. Combining behavioral and neurophysiological experiments, the proposed research program exploits the acoustic imaging system of the echolocating bat, an animal that relies on the spatial analysis of dynamic auditory scenes to guide its behavior. Three inter-related lines of research are proposed: 1) We plan a series of experiments with free-flying echolocating bats engaged in complex spatial tasks, designed to study spatial localization, tracking and obstacle avoidance. 2) We plan neural recording experiments from the midbrain of the bat as it listens to synthesized acoustic stimuli that mimic the dynamic characteristics of sonar signals used for insect capture. We will also record from the midbrain of tethered animals that are actively engaged in echolocation behavior on a platform, allowing us to study both premotor and auditory evoked activity. These experiments will allow us to examine how the bat's sonar signal production shapes auditory responses to echoes. 3) Finally, we will collect, analyze and interpret the first CNS recordings from a free-flying echolocating bat. Our approach is motivated by important results from other systems, which demonstrate that spatio-temporal activity patterns in the nervous system can depend on behavioral state, task and context. Together, these studies have wide-ranging impact for neuroscience, biological research techniques, robotics design, control theory and the development of assistive medical devices.

描述（由申请人提供）：空间引导的行为是人类健康功能的核心，更广泛的感觉运动整合知识将有助于治疗和康复，当它不能正常发展或因疾病而崩溃时。视觉功能受损的人很大程度上依赖听觉来指导他们的运动，然而令人惊讶的是，盲人可能会表现出听觉整合受损，这可能是因为他们缺乏通常用于校准这种感觉运动反馈系统的视觉输入。到目前为止，很少有研究工作已经针对理解整合的听觉信息与运动程序的空间引导行为在哺乳动物中，本提案中描述的研究将产生数据，推进我们的听觉信息处理和适应性运动控制的空间取向的一般理解。结合行为和神经生理学实验，拟议的研究计划利用回声定位蝙蝠的声学成像系统，这种动物依赖于动态听觉场景的空间分析来指导其行为。提出了三个相互关联的研究路线：1）我们计划一系列的实验与自由飞行的回声定位蝙蝠从事复杂的空间任务，旨在研究空间定位，跟踪和避障。2)我们计划从蝙蝠的中脑神经记录实验，因为它听合成的声音刺激，模仿用于昆虫捕捉的声纳信号的动态特性。我们还将记录拴系动物的中脑，这些动物在平台上积极参与回声定位行为，使我们能够研究前运动和听觉诱发活动。这些实验将使我们能够研究蝙蝠的声纳信号产生如何塑造对回声的听觉反应。3)最后，我们将收集，分析和解释的第一个中枢神经系统记录从自由飞行的回声定位蝙蝠。我们的方法是由其他系统的重要结果，这表明在神经系统中的时空活动模式可以依赖于行为状态，任务和上下文的动机。总之，这些研究对神经科学、生物研究技术、机器人设计、控制理论和辅助医疗设备的发展产生了广泛的影响。