Control of Watercraft Carbon Monoxide Emissions

船舶一氧化碳排放控制

• 批准号: 6882345
• 负责人: JAMES R KITTRELL
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: KSE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2005-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6882345
• 关键词: air pollution control; carbon monoxide; carbon monoxide poisoning; catalyst; chemical kinetics; cost effectiveness; engine exhaust; environmental toxicology; injury prevention; oxidation reduction reaction; technology /technique development; transportation /recreation safety

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this research is to establish the technical and economic feasibility of a novel catalytic technology to substantially reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from engines for boat propulsion and on-board electrical generators. Boating is a popular and growing recreational activity in the United States. Government and industry statistics have shown a surprisingly high and rapidly growing incidence of carbon monoxide poisoning in boating-related activities. Carbon monoxide on boats has two primary sources; propulsion engines and electrical generators. Current engine exhaust treatment technology, typified by automobile exhaust catalytic converters, cannot achieve the exhaust CO reductions required and do not function effectively at conditions typical of marine engines. A novel catalyst technology is proposed which separates the adsorption sites for CO from those where oxygen is adsorbed, allowing extremely high destruction efficiency with extremely high exhaust gas CO concentrations. These two attributes are unique to this health application. The proposed catalytic technology will exhibit CO destruction activity orders of magnitude higher than current catalysts, allowing it to achieve target exhaust CO levels under conditions typical of marine engines. The Phase I program consists of three tasks. The first task is designed to prepare new catalyst compositions which are optimized for marine service. In the second task, these experimental catalysts are evaluated in flow reactors designed to destroy CO in a simulated marine engine exhaust gas, including tests for activity and stability against deactivation. The third task provides design and economic studies of the new technology to assess its economic feasibility compared to alternatives. The commercial product will be a catalytic converter designed specifically for marine applications, meeting constraints of CO destruction efficiency, exhaust gas composition, size and operating temperature.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目的是确定一种新型催化技术的技术和经济可行性，以大幅减少船舶推进发动机和船上发电机的一氧化碳（CO）排放。在美国，划船是一种流行且不断发展的娱乐活动。政府和行业统计数据显示，在与划船有关的活动中，一氧化碳中毒的发生率惊人地高，而且迅速增长。船上的一氧化碳有两个主要来源：推进发动机和发电机。以汽车排气催化转化器为代表的当前发动机排气处理技术不能实现所需的排气CO减少，并且在船用发动机的典型条件下不能有效地起作用。提出了一种新的催化剂技术，其将CO的吸附位点与吸附氧的位点分离，从而允许在极高的废气CO浓度下具有极高的破坏效率。这两个属性是此健康应用程序所独有的。所提出的催化技术将表现出比当前催化剂高几个数量级的CO破坏活性，使其能够在船用发动机的典型条件下实现目标排气CO水平。第一阶段计划包括三项任务。第一个任务设计为制备新的催化剂组合物，其优化用于海洋服务。在第二个任务中，这些实验催化剂的流动反应器中进行评估，旨在破坏模拟船舶发动机废气中的CO，包括活性和稳定性对失活的测试。第三项任务是对新技术进行设计和经济研究，以评估其与替代品相比的经济可行性。该商业产品将是一种专门为海洋应用设计的催化转化器，满足一氧化碳销毁效率、废气成分、尺寸和操作温度的限制。