Congenital Heart Malformation Detection, Disease Progression Prediction, and Intervention Planning

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Prospective research motivation:CHM has a heavy disease burden, occurring in ~1% of births, with potentially devastating consequences. In the UK, first-year mortality occurs in 8.6/10,000 live births. Surprisingly, a recent international survey reported that critical CHM was prenatally detected in only ~50% of cases and can range from 13% to 87%, indicating difficulty achieving good sensitivity specificity. In the UK, this was 40-50%. This is a big problem because successful prenatal diagnosis allows close monitoring, management, and pre-and post-natal intervention planning and has been shown to be able to improve outcomes. If CHM detection occurs after birth, survival rates decrease, and the lack of time to plan and execute surgery prolongs adverse brain circulation and lead to adverse long-term neurological outcomes. Additionally, prenatal fetal heart intervention has recently been developed for specific malformations, and this can only be available to the patient if the malformation can be detected via screening. I thus believe that there is an urgent need to improve CHM detection technology.