Exploiting big data to understand access to greenspace in the UK

利用大数据了解英国绿色空间的使用情况

• 批准号: 2737544
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2737544
• 关键词: Exploiting; big; data; understand; access

Greenspaces provide valuable benefits to people; ecosystem services (ES). For example, there are over 62,000 urban greenspaces in GB, estimated to provide ES worth ~£130bn to those living nearby. These benefits can be broken down to different ES: e.g. food production (£114M per year), carbon sequestration (£33M), air filtration (£211M), cooling (£166M), noise mitigation (£14M), improved physical health (£4.4bn) and other cultural services (£2.1bn).While much research is done on ES in general, they are usually treated as static, and the spatial process by which people access ES are poorly understood. For example, to receive these specific ES, people need to be able to access greenspaces within the urban landscape. On average, in GB there are 1.4 access points per hectare of functional greenspace, with the average urban property having 4.6 hectares of green space within a 200-meter radius. One may think that distance to greenspace is the main contributor to its usage. However, how people access nature at a landscape scale is currently not known. This project will address this knowledge gap by combining theories from human mobility and behavioural ecology to understand the "movement ecology of people". Studies using smartphone data show that >50% of human movement is due to routine and that populations show hourly, daily and weekly movement patterns. Combined with behaviour ecology models (particularly foraging models, including: Marginal Value Theorem, Ideal Free Distribution, and Central Place Theory), we will consider how greenspaces are accessed via "human foraging" as people search the landscape for opportunities to benefit from nature. For example, as with other animals, humans may show complex "foraging" behaviour that simple distance metrics cannot capture. This will provide broader insights into how people access a range of ES, and develop a novel use of movement ecology ideas to the critical issue of ES.

绿地为人们提供了宝贵的利益；生态系统服务。例如，英国有超过6.2万个城市绿地，估计为居住在附近的人提供了价值1300亿GB的能源。这些好处可以分为不同的生态系统：例如，粮食生产(每年1.14亿GB)、碳封存(GB 33m)、空气过滤(GB 211m)、降温(GB 166m)、噪音缓解(GB 14m)、改善身体健康(GB 44亿)和其他文化服务(GB 21亿)。虽然人们对生态系统做了很多研究，但它们通常被视为静态的，人们访问生态系统的空间过程鲜为人知。例如，要获得这些特定的ES，人们需要能够进入城市景观中的绿地。在GB，平均每公顷功能绿地有1.4个接入点，平均每个城市物业在200米半径内有4.6公顷绿地。人们可能会认为，距离绿地的距离是其使用的主要原因。然而，人们如何在景观规模上接近自然目前尚不清楚。该项目将通过将人类流动性和行为生态学的理论相结合来解决这一知识鸿沟，以了解“人的运动生态”。使用智能手机数据的研究表明，50%的人类运动是由于例行公事，而且人们表现出每小时、每天和每周的运动模式。结合行为生态学模型(特别是觅食模型，包括：边际价值定理、理想自由分布和中心位置理论)，我们将考虑当人们在景观中寻找从自然中获益的机会时，如何通过“人类觅食”进入绿地。例如，与其他动物一样，人类可能会表现出简单的距离测量无法捕捉到的复杂的“觅食”行为。这将为人们如何获取一系列ES提供更广泛的见解，并开发一种新的运动生态学思想用于ES的关键问题。