Project 2: Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation in Southeast Asia

拟议研究的目的是查明东南亚两个发展中国家(泰国和马来西亚)国家一级控烟政策对成年吸烟者和青少年的心理社会和行为影响，并确定这些群体如何受到三个相互关联的因素的影响： (1)个人的信仰和其他心理社会变量(宿主因素)；(2)环境、文化和社会背景(包括政策)；(3)代理人因素(烟草公司及其行动)。第二组问题涉及马来西亚和/或泰国的效果如何与加拿大、美国、英国和澳大利亚等高收入国家的政策效果进行比较(项目1)。这些问题与扩大我们对不同国家政策效果的共性的理解有关 在文化和收入方面。这些研究的目的将通过调查具有广泛代表性的4000名成年吸烟者和2000名青少年队列来实现，这些队列从两个国家平均抽样，时间间隔两年，分三次进行。在这些调查中收集的数据也将与项目3联系起来，该项目将研究香烟的设计特征与使用模式和对产品安全的信念之间的关系。泰国和马来西亚的烟草政策预计将在未来5年内发生一些变化。泰国将从2005年1月起实施图形警告，马来西亚预计在2007年左右实施，两国预计都将提高香烟税，马来西亚预计将开展大众媒体运动，鼓励吸烟的穆斯林在斋月戒烟。这项研究将提供一种手段，以调查这些政策对信仰和吸烟习惯的影响，并直接与发达国家制定的类似政策的影响进行比较。

The objective of the proposed research is to discern the psychosocial and behavioural effects of national level tobacco control policies on adult smokers and adolescents in two developing countries in Southeast Asia (Thailand and Malaysia), and to determine how these groups are affected by three interrelating factors: (1) beliefs and other psychosocial variables of the individuals (Host factors); (2) environmental, cultural, and social context (including policies); and (3) agent factors (tobacco companies and their actions). A secondary set of questions relates to how effects found in Malaysia and/or Thailand compare to policy effects in high income countries such as Canada, United States, United Kingdom, and Australia (Project 1). This questions is relevant to extending our understanding of the generality of policy effects across countries that vary greatly in culture and income. These study aims wilt be addressed by surveying broadly representative cohorts of 4,000 adult smokers and 2,000 adolescents, equally sampled from the two countries, over three waves time two years apart. Data collected in these surveys wilt also be linked to Project 3 which will examine how design features of cigarettes related to usage pattern and beliefs about product safety. A number of tobacco policy changes are anticipated in Thailand and Malaysia over the next 5 years. Graphic warnings are to be implemented in Thailand from January 2005 and are expected in Malaysia around 2007, higher cigarette taxes are expected in both countries, a mass media campaign is expected in Malaysian to encourage Moslems who smoke to quit for Ramadan. This study will provide a means for investigating the effect of these policies on beliefs and smoking habits and direct comparison to the impact of similar policies enacted in developed countries.