Building evidence for action: Novel assessment of ocean acidification impacts around the UK

建立行动证据：英国周边海洋酸化影响的新评估

• 批准号: 2743537
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2743537
• 关键词: Building; evidence; action; Novel; assessment

Background: The ocean naturally absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere; CO2 reacts with water forming a weak acid before rapidly dissociating as part of the marine carbonate system. This carbonate system buffers changes in acidity (or pH) over geological timescales through calcium carbonate weathering. However, the rate of atmospheric CO2 emissions, and subsequent oceanic uptake, has increased dramatically as a result of anthropogenic activities, resulting in "ocean acidification" (OA). OA is a change in the carbonate system including a decrease in pH. Under future 'worst-case' emissions scenarios the oceans are projected to become 150% more acidic on a global scale. OA has wide-ranging consequences for marine organisms, ecosystems and ecosystem services, mostly resulting in detrimental impacts. For example, shellfish aquaculture facilities on the west coast of the USA already experience losses in oyster larvae as a result of lower pH water; pteropods, free-swimming snails that are important food for fish such as salmon, are already found with dissolving shells in some regions of lower pH water. These impacts are just examples of how environmental change is, and will continue to, affect society and the economy. Recent evidence (OSPAR, QSR2023 in prep.) shows that coastal waters around the UK have been experiencing rapid rates of acidification, with high levels of seasonal variability. This new data and modelling analysis forecasts areas of UK coastal waters to continue to acidify, with periods of extreme conditions expected by the 2030s, that could cause acute stress response in some important UK species.Through its research programmes and engagement with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON), the North East Atlantic regional GOA-ON Hub, and the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification (OA Alliance), the UK government, through DEFRA, has been considering how to move forward with OA research and action. The OA Alliance calls for action, recognising that states, institutions or communities, should produce and deliver on an OA Action Plan. These plans provide recommendations for action based around five goals: 1. Advance scientific understanding; 2. Reduce the causes of ocean acidification; 3. Build adaptation and resilience; 4. Expand public awareness; and 5. Build sustained international support. The OA Alliance also provide guidance on how plans can be used to support political frameworks and deliver on high-level goals, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, OSPAR convention, and the World Meteorological Organisation Climate Indicators. However regional and local consideration of vulnerabilities are needed in order to decide the best course of action, including providing evidence about the risks to species, potential adaptation responses, as well as considering barriers to OA adaptation strategies. Aims: This project aims to develop a novel spatially resolved assessment of OA impacts to UK species, habitats and ecosystem services, building evidence that can be used to inform action relating to OA impacts and adaptation in the UK. Approach: The research will be focussed around three objectives: 1. Review the current status of the UK marine environment in relation to OA and assess the vulnerability of key habitats and biota; 2. Make projections of future risk to ecosystems and ecosystem services; 3. Understand stakeholder vulnerabilities, potential adaptation strategies and any potential barriers to action, and assess the potential impact of action on reducing the risk to OA around the UK. The research will directly inform Defra's evidence team and contribute to future policies and management plans.

背景资料：海洋自然地从大气中吸收二氧化碳;二氧化碳与水反应形成弱酸，然后迅速分解为海洋碳酸盐系统的一部分。这种碳酸盐系统通过碳酸钙风化缓冲了地质时间尺度上酸度（或pH值）的变化。然而，由于人类活动，大气二氧化碳排放率以及随后海洋的吸收率急剧增加，导致“海洋酸化”。OA是碳酸盐系统的变化，包括pH值的下降。在未来的“最坏情况”排放情景下，预计海洋在全球范围内的酸性将增加150%。有机农业对海洋生物、生态系统和生态系统服务产生广泛的后果，主要是造成有害影响。例如，美国西海岸的贝类水产养殖设施已经经历了牡蛎幼虫的损失，这是由于pH值较低的水;翼足类动物，自由游动的蜗牛，是鲑鱼等鱼类的重要食物，已经在一些pH值较低的水中发现了溶解的贝壳。这些影响只是环境变化如何影响社会和经济的例子。最近的证据（奥斯巴，QSR 2023正在编写中）显示，英国周围的沿海沃茨正在经历快速的酸化，具有很高的季节性变化。这一新的数据和建模分析预测英国沿海沃茨将继续酸化，预计到2030年代将出现极端条件，这可能会导致英国一些重要物种的急性应激反应。通过其研究计划和与联合国气候变化框架公约，全球海洋酸化观测网络（GOA-ON），东北大西洋区域GOA-ON枢纽，和国际海洋酸化防治联盟（OA联盟），英国政府，通过DEFRA，一直在考虑如何推进OA研究和行动。OA联盟呼吁采取行动，认识到国家、机构或社区应制定并实施OA行动计划。这些计划围绕五个目标提出了行动建议：1.提高科学认识; 2。减少海洋酸化的原因; 3.建立适应能力和复原力; 4.提高公众意识; 5。建立持续的国际支持。OA联盟还就如何使用计划来支持政治框架和实现高级别目标提供指导，例如联合国可持续发展目标，OSPAR公约和世界气象组织气候指标。然而，区域和地方需要考虑脆弱性，以决定最佳行动方针，包括提供关于物种风险的证据，潜在的适应对策，以及考虑有机农业适应战略的障碍。目的：该项目旨在开发一种新的空间分辨评估OA对英国物种，栖息地和生态系统服务的影响，建立证据，可用于通知有关OA的影响和适应在英国的行动。方法：研究将集中在三个目标：1。审查英国海洋环境与有机农业相关的现状，评估主要栖息地和生物群的脆弱性; 2.预测生态系统和生态系统服务的未来风险; 3.了解利益相关者的脆弱性，潜在的适应战略和任何潜在的行动障碍，并评估行动对减少英国各地OA风险的潜在影响。该研究将直接告知Defra的证据团队，并为未来的政策和管理计划做出贡献。