Value-added fuels from the supercritical water processing of wastes

来自废物超临界水处理的增值燃料

• 批准号: 2743591
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2743591
• 关键词: Value; added; fuels; supercritical; water

Polymeric wastes include, waste plastics, tires and biomass and each represent large amounts of valuable resources that are currently wasted. The sustainable management of such wastes is a major environmental and resource management issue in the UK, Europe and throughout the world. The concern around climate change has also created great interest in producing non-fossil fuels from alternative sources. Supercritical water is a unique reaction environment where high reaction rates are produced in the single dense phase found under supercritical conditions. Supercritical water is water above its critical point, (374.8 C temperature and 22.1 MPa pressure) where water exits as a single, dense fluid phase thus minimising mass transfer resistances and providing an environment for rapid reaction rates. Under such conditions, hydrocarbon wastes are easily solubilized and by manipulating the process conditions and with the use of suitable catalysts, higher value liquid and gaseous fuels can be obtained. The aims of this work are to investigate the use of supercritical water liquefaction of waste plastics, tyres and waste biomass to produce product oils for use as premium grade liquid fuels. Also to investigate the supercritical water gasification of the wastes to produce a hydrogen-rich gas. The experimental work will use a bench-scale fully instrumented sub-critical/supercritical water reactor to process the waste plastics, tyres and waste biomass over a range of process conditions. A range of sub-critical and supercritical water process conditions of temperature, pressure, feedstock:water ratio, and the use of different types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts will be investigated to maximise the targeted product yield of either premium grade liquid fuels or hydrogen. Gas chromatography will be used to analyse the product gas composition in detail using a suite of gas chromatographs instruments. The product oils will be analysed by oil fractionation using HPLC and analysis of the fractions using combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Such detailed analysis will aid the development of the catalytic mechanism and understand the effect on the liquefaction and gasification characteristics in relation to the supercritical water processing of the different types of waste. Catalysts will be designed and developed to improve the process and end-product properties. Detailed analysis of the catalysts will us scanning and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The UK is committed to transforming its economy to ensure a low carbon sustainable future and a reduction in the waste of resources. There is therefore an urgent need to develop waste management processes for polymeric wastes such as waste plastics, tires and waste biomass that are sustainable and can ensure the development of secure low carbon future and secure energy supply. This research thereby benefits the UK by solving a waste management problem for these wastes, that are generated in high tonnages in the UK, to produce higher value premium grade liquid fuels or hydrogen-rich gas.

聚合物废物包括废塑料、轮胎和生物质，并且每一种都代表了目前被浪费的大量有价值的资源。这些废物的可持续管理是英国、欧洲和全世界的一个主要环境和资源管理问题。对气候变化的关注也引起了人们对从替代来源生产非化石燃料的极大兴趣。超临界水是一种独特的反应环境，其中在超临界条件下发现的单一致密相中产生高反应速率。超临界水是高于其临界点（374.8 ℃温度和22.1 MPa压力）的水，其中水作为单一致密流体相存在，从而使传质阻力最小化并提供快速反应速率的环境。在这种条件下，烃类废物很容易溶解，通过控制工艺条件和使用合适的催化剂，可以获得更高价值的液体和气体燃料。本工作的目的是研究使用超临界水液化废塑料，轮胎和废弃生物质，以生产产品油用作高级液体燃料。还研究了废物的超临界水气化以产生富氢气体。实验工作将使用一个实验室规模的全仪表化亚临界/超临界水反应堆，在一系列工艺条件下处理废塑料、轮胎和废生物质。一系列的亚临界和超临界水工艺条件的温度，压力，原料：水的比例，以及使用不同类型的均相和非均相催化剂将进行研究，以最大限度地提高目标产品的产量，无论是优质液体燃料或氢气。将使用一套气相色谱仪详细分析产品气体成分。将使用HPLC通过油分馏分析产品油，并使用气相色谱/质谱联用分析馏分。这种详细的分析将有助于发展的催化机制，并了解液化和气化特性的影响，与超临界水处理的不同类型的废物。将设计和开发催化剂，以改善工艺和最终产品的性能。催化剂的详细分析将使用扫描和透射电子显微镜与能量色散X射线光谱和X射线衍射。英国致力于经济转型，以确保低碳可持续的未来，减少资源浪费。因此，迫切需要开发可持续的聚合物废物（例如废塑料、轮胎和废生物质）的废物管理方法，并且可以确保安全低碳未来和安全能源供应的发展。因此，这项研究通过解决这些废物的废物管理问题使英国受益，这些废物在英国以高吨位产生，以生产更高价值的优质液体燃料或富氢气体。