Value-added fuels from the supercritical water processing of wastes

来自废物超临界水处理的增值燃料

• 批准号: 2743591
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2743591
• 关键词: Value; added; fuels; supercritical; water

Polymeric wastes include, waste plastics, tires and biomass and each represent large amounts of valuable resources that are currently wasted. The sustainable management of such wastes is a major environmental and resource management issue in the UK, Europe and throughout the world. The concern around climate change has also created great interest in producing non-fossil fuels from alternative sources. Supercritical water is a unique reaction environment where high reaction rates are produced in the single dense phase found under supercritical conditions. Supercritical water is water above its critical point, (374.8 C temperature and 22.1 MPa pressure) where water exits as a single, dense fluid phase thus minimising mass transfer resistances and providing an environment for rapid reaction rates. Under such conditions, hydrocarbon wastes are easily solubilized and by manipulating the process conditions and with the use of suitable catalysts, higher value liquid and gaseous fuels can be obtained. The aims of this work are to investigate the use of supercritical water liquefaction of waste plastics, tyres and waste biomass to produce product oils for use as premium grade liquid fuels. Also to investigate the supercritical water gasification of the wastes to produce a hydrogen-rich gas. The experimental work will use a bench-scale fully instrumented sub-critical/supercritical water reactor to process the waste plastics, tyres and waste biomass over a range of process conditions. A range of sub-critical and supercritical water process conditions of temperature, pressure, feedstock:water ratio, and the use of different types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts will be investigated to maximise the targeted product yield of either premium grade liquid fuels or hydrogen. Gas chromatography will be used to analyse the product gas composition in detail using a suite of gas chromatographs instruments. The product oils will be analysed by oil fractionation using HPLC and analysis of the fractions using combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Such detailed analysis will aid the development of the catalytic mechanism and understand the effect on the liquefaction and gasification characteristics in relation to the supercritical water processing of the different types of waste. Catalysts will be designed and developed to improve the process and end-product properties. Detailed analysis of the catalysts will us scanning and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The UK is committed to transforming its economy to ensure a low carbon sustainable future and a reduction in the waste of resources. There is therefore an urgent need to develop waste management processes for polymeric wastes such as waste plastics, tires and waste biomass that are sustainable and can ensure the development of secure low carbon future and secure energy supply. This research thereby benefits the UK by solving a waste management problem for these wastes, that are generated in high tonnages in the UK, to produce higher value premium grade liquid fuels or hydrogen-rich gas.

聚合物废物包括废物塑料，轮胎和生物量，每种都代表了当前浪费的大量宝贵资源。这种废物的可持续管理是英国，欧洲以及全世界的主要环境和资源管理问题。对气候变化的关注也引起了人们对从替代来源生产非化石燃料的极大兴趣。超临界水是一个独特的反应环境，在超临界条件下发现的单个致密相中产生高反应速率。超临界水是高于其临界点（374.8 c温度和22.1 MPa压力）的水，其中水作为单个密集的流体相退出，从而最大程度地减少了传质电阻，并为快速反应速率提供了环境。在这种条件下，碳氢化合物废物很容易溶解，通过操纵过程条件并使用合适的催化剂，可以获得更高的价值液体和气态燃料。这项工作的目的是调查用废物塑料，轮胎和废物生物量的超临界水液化的使用，以生产产品油，以用作优质级液体燃料。还要研究废物的超临界水气化以产生富氢气的气体。实验性工作将使用台式尺度仪器的亚临界/超临界水反应堆来处理废物塑料，轮胎和废物生物量，这在一系列过程条件下。将研究一系列的亚临界和超临界水过程条件，压力，原料：水比以及使用不同类型的均质和异质催化剂的使用，以最大程度地提高高级级液体燃料或氢的靶向产物产量。气相色谱法将用于使用一套气相色谱仪器详细分析产品气体成分。将使用HPLC分馏，并使用合并的气相色谱/质谱法分析产物油。这种详细的分析将有助于开发催化机制，并了解与不同类型废物的超临界水处理有关的液化和气化特征的影响。催化剂将经过设计和开发，以改善过程和最终产物特性。催化剂的详细分析将通过能量分散X射线光谱法和X射线衍射进行扫描和透射电子显微镜。英国致力于改变其经济，以确保低碳可持续未来的未来，并减少浪费资源。因此，迫切需要为可持续发展的废物塑料，轮胎和废物生物量等聚合物废物开发废物管理过程，并可以确保开发安全的低碳未来和安全的能源供应。因此，这项研究通过解决这些废物的废物管理问题（在英国高吨位中产生的废物）来使英国受益，以生产更高的价值高级级液体燃料或富含氢的气体。