Essays on urban amenities

关于城市便利设施的论文

• 批准号: 2745235
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2745235
• 关键词: Essays; urban; amenities

The proposed research aims to understand how urban amenities (e.g. museums, bars, parks) influence individual decisionmaking (e.g. moving residence and how much people are willing to pay to move). To do this, there will be a shift in analysis from the city-scale to the neighbourhood-level, utilising yearly data on individuals' place of residence, their mobility and the surrounding amenities, to focus on the significance of amenities on individual decision-making. In doing so, this recognises that individuals interact with amenities that are closer to them more often, rather than treating city-wide amenities the same as neighbouring amenities. Additionally, integration of qualitative techniques such as interviews - which are popular in other areas of academia such as geography and sociology - will be integrated into analysis, hoping to understand the motivations and constraints on individuals in a more meaningful way than a price function/budget line. Finally, combining these lessons, there will be policy recommendations on how best to attract these individuals, discussing potential complimentarities between amenities.Thus, I aim to understand what impact urban amenities have on individuals' behaviour when moving in/between cities in more detail. The main debates in the urban economics literature argue that either amenities or jobs drive individual behaviour. Yet, studies have previously been shrouded in uncertainty due to endogeneity concerns and data at aggregated spatial resolutions. Through employing longitudinal datasets at lower spatial aggregations, alongside sophisticated statistical approaches I hope to tease out the impacts of amenities on decision making - be that on house prices through hedonic modelling, or residential mobility through discrete choice modelling. COVID-19 provides a prime opportunity for this as it represents a form of natural experiment whereby individuals' jobs could continue but access to amenities and social interaction was dramatically reduced.Within this I hope to expand the arguments within the urban economics literature, from which amenities are important, to whether amenities are important in individual behaviour. For instance, geographical and sociological explanations for residential movement focus more on a (more qualitative) life course perspective, and whilst the urban economics literature does highlight age/marital status as important control variables when analysing amenities there is rudimentary handling of the social side to migration. Thus, one of my objectives is to integrate other explanations for migration (e.g. reconising 'linked lives' and 'cohort effects' - i.e. acting in accordance with individuals you are similar to) within more traditional urban economic paradigms. A specific example of these linked lives that I am currently investigating is looking at couples that reverse commute (live in cities but work in the suburbs) as this arguably indicates a strong preference for city living. Throughout the next year I am to concretise the most convincing channels to investigate the importance of urban amenities on individual behaviour. If possible I aim to focus on sub-populations that could positively influence an area's output (e.g. highly educated individuals/professionals) to investigate whether these individuals are attracted by different amenities. All of these objectives are based on data availabilities, and the focus of these essays will be to give primacy to data that is of the highest quality. As an aside, I have contacted the ONS Secure Research Service with the objective of ensuring that the (UK, Understanding Society) data I utilise will be in some way accessible in line with the open access data management plan. Due to the spatially disaggregated nature of this data, however, I cannot confirm yet the concrete result of this yet - with confidentiality being important.

拟议的研究旨在了解城市设施（例如博物馆，酒吧，公园）如何影响个人决策（例如搬家以及人们愿意支付多少钱搬家）。为此，将把分析从城市规模转移到街区一级，利用关于个人居住地、流动性和周围便利设施的年度数据，重点关注便利设施对个人决策的重要性。在这样做的时候，这承认个人与更接近他们的设施互动更频繁，而不是像对待邻近的设施一样对待整个城市的设施。此外，将整合定性技术，如访谈-这是流行的其他领域的学术界，如地理和社会学-将被纳入分析，希望了解的动机和限制个人在一个更有意义的方式比价格函数/预算线。最后，结合这些经验教训，就如何最好地吸引这些人提出政策建议，讨论设施之间的潜在互补性。因此，我的目标是更详细地了解城市设施对个人在城市内/城市之间移动时的行为产生的影响。城市经济学文献中的主要争论认为，要么是设施，要么是工作，推动个人行为。然而，由于内分泌问题和聚合空间分辨率的数据，研究以前一直笼罩在不确定性中。通过在较低的空间聚合中使用纵向数据集，以及复杂的统计方法，我希望梳理出设施对决策的影响-通过享乐模型对房价的影响，或者通过离散选择模型对住宅流动性的影响。COVID-19提供了一个绝佳的机会，因为它代表了一种自然实验的形式，个人的工作可以继续，但获得便利设施和社会互动的机会大大减少。在这一点上，我希望扩展城市经济学文献中的论点，从便利设施的重要性，到便利设施对个人行为是否重要。例如，对居住迁移的地理和社会学解释更多地侧重于（更定性的）生命历程视角，而城市经济学文献在分析便利设施时确实强调年龄/婚姻状况是重要的控制变量，但对迁移的社会方面有初步的处理。因此，我的目标之一是将其他对移民的解释（例如，重新认识“关联生活”和“群体效应”-即根据与你相似的个人行事）整合到更传统的城市经济范式中。我目前正在调查的这些联系生活的一个具体例子是研究那些反向通勤的夫妇（住在城市但在郊区工作），因为这可以说表明他们对城市生活的强烈偏好。在接下来的一年里，我将具体化最有说服力的渠道，以调查城市设施对个人行为的重要性。如果可能的话，我的目标是专注于可能对一个地区的产出产生积极影响的子人群（例如受过高等教育的个人/专业人士），以调查这些人是否被不同的设施所吸引。所有这些目标都是基于数据的可用性，这些论文的重点将是优先考虑最高质量的数据。顺便说一句，我已经联系了ONS安全研究服务，目的是确保我使用的（英国，理解社会）数据将以某种方式访问符合开放获取数据管理计划。然而，由于这些数据的空间分类性质，我还不能证实这一点的具体结果-保密是重要的。