New exhaust gas clean-up systems for the combustion of new, low-carbon fuels in heavy-duty engines

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Fuel decarbonisation will impact significantly the global reduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions the main source of greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. Ammonia (NH3) is considered a potential carbon-free fuel and a carbon-free energy vector (carrier). Large scale NH3 production, storage and distribution has been commercially established on a global scale for over a century. NH3 can be produced sustainably from waste sources, and renewable energy recognised as green-ammonia (G-NH3). Fuel blending of NH3 with either H2, LPG (liquified petroleum gas) or diesel has the potential to enhance the combustion properties for NH3. Therefore, it is critical for Eminox to develop a detailed understanding of the system requirements for an exhaust after-treatment system suitable for NH3-ICE and NH3/Fuel Blends-ICE. Utilising thermo-kinetic models developed by the University of Sheffield to investigate NOx formation mechanisms occurring during the combustion of for pure NH3 and NH3 fuel blends (H2, LPG, Diesel) at a range of air-fuel equivalence ratios, temperatures and pressures. Experimental evaluation of NOx reduction efficiencies for an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system by way of a fixed bed reactor (University of Sheffield). Simulating engine exhaust gas emissions resultant from combusting pure NH3 and a NH3/fuel blends (H2, nat. gas LPG, Diesel) for a range of fuel-equivalence ratios.