Linking global biodiversity goals to local conservation efforts: applications for marine spatial planning

将全球生物多样性目标与当地保护工作联系起来：海洋空间规划的应用

• 批准号: 2748223
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2748223
• 关键词: Linking; global; biodiversity; goals; local

Marine environments are at threat globally with degradation effects evident across numerous marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves and deep-sea floor ecosystems. The main threats to these environments are anthropogenically related, with under 14% of oceans globally being free from direct human impacts. In turn, this degradation has created a net loss of ecosystem area, impacting the ecosystem services that they provide. With the human population growing, and consequently an increased dependence on the ocean, there is a requirement for improved conservation tools for decision makers and practitioners in order to reduce extinction risk to marine species. A species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric uses data on species extinction risks, and associated threats, to assess the impact of abating threats and restoring habitats. Such a tool enables the spatial extents of threats that impact species to be identified and indicates the potential improvement to extinction risk that conservation actions in a particular area can have. However, how the STAR metric can be used in real world applications such as marine spatial planning, and its applicability to conservation action in varying scales, has not yet been assessed. The ability to quantify the contribution of a specified area towards meeting global biodiversity goals is invaluable when considering the limited resources available to practitioners and decision makers. However, global approaches often hold a 'view from everywhere' and therefore utilise data with a coarseness that cannot accurately represent local conditions. When considering the value of marine species in spatial planning, localised data is crucial as the ecological, social and economic value of a species will vary considerably from one area to another. On the other hand, conservation actions on a local level are often disconnected from the wider targets and goals, meaning that actions are not being accounted for. Further to this, as human dependence on marine ecosystems grows, promoting social-ecological resilience when planning conservation actions is becoming increasingly important in the face of climate change. Marine spatial planning is a common conservation tool used to balance human uses of marine environments with ecological protection, however incorporating climate resilience into planning is not widely practiced. Considering the need for restoration to reduce species extinction risk, there is an urgency to determine how social-ecological resilience can be incorporated into spatial planning for threat abatement and restoration efforts under expected environmental change. However, conservation efforts, including restoration, implemented over small scales may have limited impact if they fail to consider the wider environmental landscape, especially when considering anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and fisheries, who's impacts often cannot be spatially constrained. This project aims to investigate the relationship between local prioritisation processes and global policy goals in marine spatial planning through four research questions: 1) what is the relationship between local prioritisation processes and global policy goals? 2) how can ecosystem restoration efforts contribute to global biodiversity targets? 3) how can socio-ecological resilience be incorporated into marine spatial planning for ecosystem management and restoration? 4) how do localised management efforts contribute to the bigger conservation picture? The ability to determine how scale impacts conservation priorities will help to link global goals and targets with localised actions.

全球海洋环境正受到威胁，许多海洋生态系统，包括珊瑚礁、海草、红树林和深海海底生态系统，都受到明显的退化影响。对这些环境的主要威胁与人类活动有关，全球不到14%的海洋没有受到人类的直接影响。反过来，这种退化造成了生态系统面积的净损失，影响了它们提供的生态系统服务。随着人类人口的增长，因此对海洋的依赖增加，决策者和实践者需要改进养护工具，以减少海洋物种灭绝的风险。物种威胁减轻和恢复(STAR)指标使用关于物种灭绝风险和相关威胁的数据，以评估减轻威胁和恢复栖息地的影响。这样的工具能够确定影响物种的威胁的空间范围，并表明特定地区的养护行动可能会对灭绝风险产生潜在的改善。然而，如何将STAR度量用于海洋空间规划等现实世界的应用，以及它在不同尺度的养护行动中的适用性还没有得到评估。考虑到从业人员和决策者可用的资源有限，量化特定区域对实现全球生物多样性目标的贡献的能力是非常宝贵的。然而，全球方法往往持有“来自世界各地的观点”，因此使用的数据粗略，不能准确地代表当地情况。在空间规划中考虑海洋物种的价值时，本地化数据至关重要，因为物种的生态、社会和经济价值将在不同地区有很大不同。另一方面，地方一级的保护行动往往与更广泛的目标和目标脱节，这意味着这些行动没有得到考虑。此外，随着人类对海洋生态系统的依赖日益增加，面对气候变化，在规划养护行动时促进社会生态复原力变得越来越重要。海洋空间规划是一种常用的保护工具，用于平衡人类对海洋环境的利用和生态保护，但将气候适应能力纳入规划并未得到广泛应用。考虑到需要恢复以减少物种灭绝风险，迫切需要确定如何在预期的环境变化下将社会生态复原力纳入减少威胁和恢复努力的空间规划。然而，如果不考虑更广泛的环境景观，特别是在考虑气候变化和渔业等人为压力因素时，小规模实施的包括恢复在内的保护努力的影响可能有限，这些人为压力的影响往往不能在空间上受到限制。该项目旨在通过四个研究问题调查海洋空间规划中地方优先次序进程和全球政策目标之间的关系：1)地方优先次序进程与全球政策目标之间的关系；2)生态系统恢复努力如何有助于全球生物多样性目标？3)如何将社会生态复原力纳入海洋空间规划，以进行生态系统管理和恢复？4)地方管理努力如何有助于更大的保护图景？能够确定规模如何影响保护优先事项，将有助于将全球目标和指标与本地化行动联系起来。