Core--Environmental Systems and Health Research

核心--环境系统与健康研究

• 批准号: 6874782
• 负责人: DAVID B SCHAUER
• 金额: $ 0.61万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6874782
• 关键词: biomedical facility; biotransformation; ecology; environmental exposure; environmental health; environmental toxicology; environmental transport; population genetics

The overarching mission of this Research Core is to understand the relationships that link environmental processes and human health. This requires improved understanding of the relationships of human health with environmental chemicals and with their processes of transport and transformation. Increasingly, however, a broader view of environment-health linkages is now required, one in which genomics and ecology play an increasing role. Future advances will require better understanding of environmental genomics, gene flow, and population dynamics, along with progress in chemical and physical modeling and measurement. Gene flow, for example, can affect the distribution of pathogenicity, the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, or the presence of biodegradative capability in microbial communities. Ecosystem processes govern the nature of coexisting populations at scales from that of microbes to that of continents, with direct effects on humans at all scales. This mission may be thought of as a logical extension of the traditional paradigm in which chemical substances are released to the environment, are subject to fate and transport processes that lead to human exposure, and lead to disease. Our new mission recognizes a new model, in which environmental biota share with chemicals the linkage with human health. The roles of biota are now recognized to include, not only environmental transformation of chemicals, but also synergism between chemicals and microbes, the role of biotically-mediated transport and environmental co-hosts of pathogens, and maintenance of ecosystem functions that enable and govern such processes. In furthering this mission, the Specific Aims of this Core can be expressed as: (1) To foster the development of research projects and programs that address the linkages between ecological processes, exposure to environmental agents, and disease processes in humans. (2) To promote scientific collaboration, both among Environmental Systems and Health Research Core scientists and with members of the other two Research Cores, with the goal of creating new research projects and programs. (3) To promote the development and acquisition of new technologies in the Center Facilities Cores that will facilitate studies in the Environmental Systems and Health Research Core.

该研究核心的首要使命是了解环境过程与人类健康之间的关系。这就需要更好地了解人类健康与环境化学品及其迁移和转化过程之间的关系。然而，现在越来越需要从更广泛的角度看待环境与健康之间的联系，其中基因组学和生态学发挥着越来越大的作用。未来的进步将需要更好地理解环境基因组学，基因流， 种群动力学，沿着化学和物理建模和测量的进展。例如，基因流动可以影响致病性的分布、抗生素抗性的获得或微生物群落中生物降解能力的存在。生态系统过程控制着从微生物到大陆的共存种群的性质，并在所有尺度上对人类产生直接影响。这一使命可被认为是传统范例的逻辑延伸，在传统范例中，化学物质被释放到环境中，受命运和运输过程的影响，导致人类接触，并导致疾病。我们的新使命认可了一种新模式，在这种模式中， 化学品与人类健康的联系。现在人们认识到，生物群的作用不仅包括化学品的环境转化，而且包括化学品和微生物之间的协同作用、病原体的生物介导的运输和环境共宿主的作用，以及维持生态系统功能，使这些过程得以实现和管理。在推进这一使命的过程中，本核心的具体目标可以表述为：（1）促进研究项目和计划的发展，解决生态过程，暴露于环境因素和人类疾病过程之间的联系。(2)为了促进科学合作，无论是环境系统和健康研究核心科学家之间，并与其他两个研究核心的成员，以创建新的研究项目和计划的目标。(3)促进中心设施核心中新技术的开发和获取，以促进环境系统和健康研究核心的研究。