Translating Traumatic Memory of Twentieth-Century China: Diasporic Literary Works of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre and Their Translations

我的项目研究翻译和二十世纪中国的创伤记忆，特别是解决流散文学作品及其翻译如何跨越国界，文化和世代重建和传播南京大屠杀的记忆。南京大屠杀，造成30多万中国人死亡，幸存者减少到今天的61人，不仅对中国社会，而且对东亚地区都产生了巨大而深远的影响。现有的研究通过后现代主义、后结构主义和后殖民主义的理论视角，考察了中国大陆、台湾和香港当代作家对中国历史上创伤时刻的文学纪念，包括大饥荒、文化大革命和天安门广场抗议（Yang 2002; Berry 2011，2016; Feng 2017; Hillenbrand 2017，2020）。相比之下，我的项目提供了翻译，当代中国流散文学和南京大屠杀记忆之间的相互联系的第一次调查，这不仅将为我们理解创伤写作和记忆形成的跨语言和跨文化维度提供重要的启示，而且还将对中国历史，记忆，我将在苏珊·巴斯内特的“翻译即记忆”的概念基础上，（2003，2011）和Bella Brozki关于“翻译是一种批判的动态位移”和“批判的过程性位移”的论点（2007）。具体而言，我将考察张纯如《南京大屠杀》（1998、2005、2007、2013、2015）的不同中译本，以阐述重译如何重建和传递对大屠杀的记忆，并考察其日文和韩文译本，以探讨翻译如何在不同的政治、社会和文化语境下重建对大屠杀的记忆。本文还将比较齐寿华《紫金山火烧时》的中译本和英文原著，探讨自译对屠杀记忆形成的影响。这项工作将在我博士学位的第二年（2022/2023）完成。然后通过对严歌苓《金陵十三钗》的英译本和影视改编作品的分析，探讨作为创伤记忆传播载体的跨媒介翻译。在对翻译文本的研究之外，我将采用翻译的隐喻概念来探讨流散文学作为一种翻译形式是如何通过哈金的《南京大屠杀》和洪峥的《南京不哭》中的文化混杂和外来语写作来传递和重建海外大屠杀记忆的。这些任务将在第三年（2023/2024）完成

My project investigates translation and the traumatic memory of twentieth-century China, specificallyaddressing how diasporic literary works and their translations reconstruct and transmit the memory ofthe Nanjing Massacre across borders, cultures, and generations. The Nanjing Massacre, where over300,000 Chinese people died and whose survivors have decreased to 61 today, has enormous andenduring influence not only on Chinese society, but also on East Asia. Existing studies have examinedthe literary memorialisations of traumatic moments in Chinese history, including the Great Famine,Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square Protests, in a wide range of works by contemporarywriters from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong through the theoretical lenses of postmodernism,poststructuralism, and postcolonialism (Yang 2002; Berry 2011, 2016; Feng 2017; Hillenbrand 2017,2020). Comparatively, my project offers the first investigation of the interconnections betweentranslation, contemporary Chinese diasporic literature, and the memory of the Nanjing Massacre, whichwill not only shed important light on our comprehension of the interlingual and cross-cultural dimensionsof trauma writing and memory formation, but also bring greater reflection on the interweaving of Chinesehistory, memory, and representation.I will offer a comparative textual analysis drawing on an interdisciplinary framework underpinned bySusan Bassnett's conception of 'translation as remembering' (2003, 2011) and Bella Brozki's argumentsabout 'translation as a kind of critical and dynamic displacement' and 'critical processual translation'(2007). Specifically, I will examine different Chinese translations of Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking(1998, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015) to elaborate how retranslation rebuilds and transmits the memory of theMassacre across generations, and examine its Japanese and Korean translations to explore howtranslation reframes the memory of the Massacre in different political, social, and cultural contexts. I willalso compare the Chinese translation of Shouhua Qi's When the Purple Mountain Burns with its Englishoriginal to investigate how self-translation informs the formation of massacre memories. This work will becompleted in the second year of my PhD (2022/2023). Then I will explore trans-medial translation as avector transmitting trauma memory by examining the English translation and film and TV adaptations ofGeling Yan's The Flowers of War. Beyond the study of translated texts, I will adopt the metaphoricalconcept of translation to approach how diasporic literature as a form of translation transmits andreconstructs the memory of the Massacre overseas by examining cultural hybridity and exophonicwriting in Ha Jin's Nanjing Requiem and Hong Zheng's Nanjing Never Cries. These tasks will be finished inthe third year (2023/2024)