"Priceless Gems of Living Thought": Literary Encounters with Anarchism at the fin de siècle

为什么奥斯卡·王尔德要保释一个向议会开枪的颓废诗人？为什么拉斐尔前派杰出画家的后代会在父母家的地下室里印刷一本煽动性的杂志？这些例子又揭示了世纪激进政治与文学之间的复杂关系。更具体地说，文学网络在多大程度上被无政府主义网络包围？在19世纪欧洲的一系列轰炸行动中，无政府主义的思想，如直接行动、行动宣传和互助，对左翼政治至关重要。在伦敦，流亡者和流亡无政府主义者聚集的地方，这种跨国交流和激进自治的文化改变了文学美学。如果我们重新关注无政府主义，那么对世纪激进政治和文学的批判性理解--迄今为止一直被“社会主义复兴”的讨论所主导--就会发生转变。通过阅读维多利亚晚期和早期现代主义文学，在同时代的无政府主义思想和实践的背景下，我打算表明无政府主义对生产、流通、文化和社会的广泛影响，以及对社会主义的影响。文学在这个时期的接受创造了新的社会审美关系，跨越了阶级、性别和国家的界限。尽管受到本尼迪克特安德森“想象共同体”概念启发的文学研究往往被民族这一范畴所主导，但我的博士学位旨在展示这种实践是如何在国界内外发生的。除了对无政府主义者同行威廉·莫里斯和奥斯卡·王尔德的作品进行仔细分析之外，我将开发一个被忽视的文本，如海伦和奥利维亚罗塞蒂的新闻和虚构的回忆录一个女孩在无政府主义者（1903年）的批判性理解。第四章将把埃塞尔·卡尼·霍尔兹沃思（Ethel Carnie Holdsworth）--第一位在英国出版小说的工人阶级女性--重新塑造成一位作家，她关于兰开夏郡工业贫困的诗歌融合了跨国的世界主义激进主义和对地方主义的承诺。

Why did Oscar Wilde post bail for a decadent poet who opened fire on Parliament? Why did the descendantsof prominent Pre-Raphaelite painters print a seditious magazine from the basement of their parents' home?And what do such examples reveal about the complex relationship between radical politics and literature in thenineteenth century? More specifically, to what extent were literary networks entwined with anarchist networks?Amid a series of bombing campaigns across nineteenth-century Europe, anarchist ideas such as direct action,propaganda by deed and mutual aid became vital to leftist politics. In London, where exile and émigréanarchists gathered, this culture of transnational exchange and radical autonomy transformed literaryaesthetics. Critical understanding of radical politics and literature in the nineteenth century - hithertodominated by discussion of the "socialist revival" - is transformed if we re-centre anarchism.By reading late Victorian and early modernist literature in the context of contemporaneous anarchist thoughtand praxis, I intend to show that anarchism's widespread influence on the production, circulation, andreception of literature at this time creates new socio-aesthetic relationships across class, gender, and nationalboundaries. While literary studies inspired by Benedict Anderson's notion of "imagined communities" tend tobe dominated by the category of the nation, my PhD seeks to show how such practices take place bothbeyond and within national boundaries.Alongside close analysis of works by anarchist fellow-travellers William Morris and Oscar Wilde, I will developa critical understanding of neglected texts such as Helen and Olivia Rossetti's journalism and fictionalisedmemoir A Girl Among the Anarchists (1903). A fourth chapter will reclaim Ethel Carnie Holdsworth - the firstworking-class woman to publish a novel in Britain - as a writer whose poetry about industrial poverty inLancashire fuses transnational cosmopolitan radicalism with a commitment to provincial localism.