2240 Multimodal imaging of selective recollection in youth and ageing

记忆研究中一个长期存在的问题是，人们如何以及何时能够控制他们回忆的内容。例如，你可能想记住上个月和谁一起喝了一杯社交距离较远的啤酒，而不回忆啤酒本身的细节。在回忆的时候，大脑的海马体被认为触发了在原始事件中存在的相同皮层模式的恢复。这种恢复被认为是记忆过去的有意识体验的基础。人们是否可以选择事件的哪些方面被恢复（检索前控制），或者选择性的处理过程在以后对从记忆中恢复的信息进行操作（检索后控制）？当人们的前提取或后提取控制（或两者）受损时，这些能力是如何随着年龄的增长而变化的？人类功能性磁共振（fMRI）脑成像已被用来衡量恢复，选择性回忆的证据混杂。但是功能磁共振成像的时间分辨率很低，所以不能完全区分早期和晚期的认知过程。最近，动态措施的恢复已成为可能使用脑电图（EEG），这是能够更好地区分preretrieval从postretrieval控制的回忆。潜在影响：了解选择性回忆是如何实现的，对于测试记忆的理论模型，以及提高对健康老年人等记忆受损群体的记忆困难的理解至关重要。拟采用的方法：这个项目将调查条件下，preretrieval和postretrieval控制可以实现选择性回忆在年轻人和老年人。学生将学习和应用两种互补的大脑成像模式与先进的多变量分析技术，以及开发的记忆任务，以检查记忆控制的阶段。您将使用解剖学上精确的功能磁共振成像检查海马和皮层在选择性回忆中的作用，并使用时间分辨脑电图成像评估选择性记忆表征的动态出现。

A longstanding question in memory research is how and when people are able to control what they recall.For instance, you may want to remember who you had a socially-distanced beer with last month, without recalling details about the beer itself. At the time of recollection the brain's hippocampus is thought to trigger the reinstatement of the same cortical patterns that were present during the original events. This reinstatement is thought to underpin the conscious experience of remembering the past. Can people select which aspects of events are reinstated (preretrieval control), or do selective processes operate later on the information recovered from memory (postretrieval control)? And how do these abilities change as people age when preretrieval or postretrieval control (or both) may be impaired? Human functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) brain imaging has been used to measure reinstatement, with mixed evidence for selective recollection. But fMRI has very low time resolution so cannot fully separate early from late cognitive processes. More recently, dynamic measures of reinstatement have become possible using electroencephalography (EEG), which is better able to distinguish preretrieval from postretrieval control of recollection. POTENTIAL IMPACT: Understanding how selective recollection is achieved is essential for testing theoretical models of memory, and improving understanding of memory difficulties in groups with impaired recollection like healthy older people. APPROACHES TO BE USED: This project will investigate the conditions under which preretrieval and postretrieval control can achieve selective recollection in younger and older adults. The student will learn and apply two complementary brain imaging modalities with advanced multivariate analysis techniques, alongside memory tasks developed to examine stages of memory control. You will examine the roles of the hippocampus and cortex in selective recollection using anatomically precise fMRI, and assess the dynamic emergence of selective memory representations with time-resolved EEG imaging.