Nanoparticles from non-exhaust emissions: lung deposition and potential health impacts

空气污染对公众健康造成巨大负担，每年在全世界造成约700万人死亡。造成环境空气污染的一个主要因素是运输部门。在欧洲销售的车辆受到严格的尾气污染物排放限制。受管制的排放物包括非甲烷碳氢化合物、CO、NOx和颗粒物。除了尾气排放外，交通部门还通过刹车磨损、轮胎磨损、路面磨损和沉积在路面上的灰尘再悬浮来排放PM。所有这些过程合在一起被称为“非废气“排放，目前尚未受到监管。汽车行业已做出重大努力以满足监管标准。随着向混合动力和电动汽车的持续过渡，尾气排放将继续下降，但非废气排放预计将上升。虽然大量的研究已经完成了量化的尾气排放，他们的大气命运，他们对公众健康的影响，这样的信息，非废气排放目前是稀缺的。这个博士项目的目的是填补知识的差距，非废气排放，通过深入和化学表征，并通过评估其内在的能力，导致肺部炎症和加重疾病。

Air pollution poses a huge burden on public health, causing around 7 million deaths per yearworldwide. A major contributor to ambient air pollution is the transport sector. Vehicles sold inEurope are subject to strict limits on the emission of tailpipe pollutants. Regulated emissions includenon-methane hydrocarbons, CO, NOx and particulate matter (PM). Besides tailpipe emissions, thetransport sector emits PM through brake abrasion, tyre wear, road surface wear, and resuspensionof dusts deposited on the road surface. All these processes together are referred to as "nonexhaust"emissions and are currently not regulated.Significant efforts have been put in place by the automotive industry to meet regulatory standards.With the ongoing transitions to hybrid and electric vehicles, tailpipe emissions will continue to fallbut non-exhaust emissions are expected to rise. While a large body of research has been alreadydone on the quantification of tailpipe emissions, their atmospheric fate, and their impact on publichealth, such information for non-exhaust emissions is currently scarce.The aim of this PhD project is to fill the gap of knowledge on non-exhaust emissions, through an in depthsize and chemical characterisation and by assessing their intrinsic ability to cause lunginflammation and exacerbate diseases.