Cohabitation, Child Wellbeing & Parental Investments

描述（由申请人提供）：多年研究计划包括三个独立的研究，涉及家庭结构、父母共同资源和儿童早期健康。第一部分量化了父母心理（如抑郁）和社会经济（如失业）风险因素在已婚、同居和单身父母中的患病率和共现率，并将评估父母在儿童发展中的共同经济和行为投资的影响。第二项研究考虑婚姻和居住状况是否会调节父母共同心理资源对儿童认知和行为调整的影响，以及经济资源（如收入）或行为投资（如养育质量）是否解释了这些相互作用。第三项研究考虑了一种心理学家不常考虑的亲代投资形式——照顾孩子的时间投资。在这里，父亲花在照顾孩子上的时间，与工作或休闲时间相比，作为父亲与孩子母亲关系（已婚、同居或非居民）和他的经济资源的函数进行了研究。模型将使用三个新的、具有全国代表性的数据集来构建，这些数据集非常适合理论和方法上的跨学科工作，也非常适合本文提出的具体问题：脆弱家庭和儿童福利研究（FFCWS）、早期开端研究和评估项目（EHS）和美国时间使用调查（ATUS）。每项研究都收集了父亲的心理风险和/或行为投资的信息，以及母亲的信息，从而能够检查父母对孩子的投资的共同贡献以及父亲的独特贡献。此外，FFCWS和EHS的独特之处在于，它们提供了大量风险样本，其中包含有关儿童早期结局的数据。通过详细的、具有全国代表性的日常时间使用数据，ATUS可以比以往任何时候都更细致地评估父母在不同家庭类型的幼儿身上投入的时间。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The multi-year research plan includes three separate studies related to family structure, joint parental resources and early child wellbeing. The first quantifies the prevalence and co-occurrence of parental psychological (e.g., depression) and socioeconomic (e.g., unemployment) risk factors across married, cohabiting, and single parents and will assess the implications for parents' joint economic and behavioral investment in children's development. The second study considers whether marital and residency status| moderate the impact of parents' joint psychological resources on children's cognitive and behavioral adjustment and whether economic resources (e.g., income) or behavioral investments (e.g., parenting quality) explain these interactions. The third study considers a form of parental investment not often considered by psychologists - time investments in caregiving. Here, the time fathers invest in caregiving versus working or leisure are examined as a function of fathers' relationship to the child's mother (married, cohabiting or nonresident) and his economic resources. Models will be constructed using three new, nationally representative datasets that are extremely well suited to theoretically and methodologically interdisciplinary work and to the specific questions posed here: The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (EHS), and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Each study gathered information on fathers' psychological risk and/or behavioral investments in addition to mothers', enabling an examination of the joint contribution of parental investments in children as well as fathers' unique contribution. Additionally, FFCWS and EHS are unique in that they offer large at-risk samples with data on early child outcomes. With detailed, nationally representative data on daily time use, the ATUS allows for a more nuanced assessment of parental time investment in young children across family types than has ever been done before.