Cohabitation, Child Wellbeing & Parental Investments

描述(由申请者提供)：多年研究计划包括三项独立的研究，涉及家庭结构、共同父母资源和早期儿童健康。第一项研究量化了已婚、同居和单亲父母中父母心理(例如抑郁)和社会经济(例如失业)风险因素的患病率和共生情况，并将评估父母对子女发展的联合经济和行为投资的影响。第二项研究考察了婚姻状况和居住状况是否影响了父母共同心理资源对儿童认知和行为适应的影响，以及经济资源(如收入)或行为投资(如养育质量)是否能解释这些相互作用。第三项研究考虑了心理学家通常不会考虑的一种父母投资形式--照顾子女的时间投资。在这里，父亲投入照料的时间与工作或休闲的时间是作为父亲与孩子母亲(已婚、同居或非居民)的关系以及他的经济资源的函数来考察的。模型将使用三个新的、具有全国代表性的数据集来构建，这些数据集非常适合理论和方法上的跨学科工作，以及这里提出的具体问题：脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究(FFCWS)、早期启动研究和评估项目(EHS)和美国时间使用调查(ATUS)。每项研究除了收集母亲的心理风险和/或行为投资外，还收集了关于父亲的心理风险和/或行为投资的信息，从而能够检查父母对子女的投资的共同贡献以及父亲的独特贡献。此外，FFCWS和EHS的独特之处在于，它们提供了大量具有早期儿童结局数据的高危样本。通过详细的、具有全国代表性的日常时间使用数据，ATUS允许对不同家庭类型的父母在幼儿身上的时间投入进行比以往任何时候都更细微的评估。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The multi-year research plan includes three separate studies related to family structure, joint parental resources and early child wellbeing. The first quantifies the prevalence and co-occurrence of parental psychological (e.g., depression) and socioeconomic (e.g., unemployment) risk factors across married, cohabiting, and single parents and will assess the implications for parents' joint economic and behavioral investment in children's development. The second study considers whether marital and residency status| moderate the impact of parents' joint psychological resources on children's cognitive and behavioral adjustment and whether economic resources (e.g., income) or behavioral investments (e.g., parenting quality) explain these interactions. The third study considers a form of parental investment not often considered by psychologists - time investments in caregiving. Here, the time fathers invest in caregiving versus working or leisure are examined as a function of fathers' relationship to the child's mother (married, cohabiting or nonresident) and his economic resources. Models will be constructed using three new, nationally representative datasets that are extremely well suited to theoretically and methodologically interdisciplinary work and to the specific questions posed here: The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (EHS), and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Each study gathered information on fathers' psychological risk and/or behavioral investments in addition to mothers', enabling an examination of the joint contribution of parental investments in children as well as fathers' unique contribution. Additionally, FFCWS and EHS are unique in that they offer large at-risk samples with data on early child outcomes. With detailed, nationally representative data on daily time use, the ATUS allows for a more nuanced assessment of parental time investment in young children across family types than has ever been done before.