Multi-Scale Governance of Second Homes: An International Analysis

第二套住房问题是一个长期存在的挑战，近年来再次成为政治议程。在威尔士，新冠肺炎疫情和英国退欧被认为加速了第二套住房的购买趋势，并加剧了现有的紧张局势。第二套住房的负面影响包括住房存量减少和房价上涨、社区侵蚀和人口减少，这导致服务和语言的丧失以及社区生活的季节性。自2021年塞内德选举以来，威尔士政府宣布了一系列措施，以解决第二套住房对威尔士社区的影响。类似的挑战和应对措施也出现在欧洲其他地区及其他地区。然而，应对第二居所带来的挑战是复杂的，因为它发生在不同的监管层面，包括超国家和国际，国家，次国家和地方。尽管第二套住房被认为是一个多尺度的现象，但不同层次的管理之间的相互作用仍然没有得到充分的研究。研究的目的是了解1）不同规模的第二家园治理之间的关系，2）不同的社会和政治和社会行为者之间的关系，以及3）这些关系对实施政策干预的能力的影响。在发展第二套住房的多尺度视角时，研究将探讨以下研究问题：-第二套住房的复杂现象在不同司法管辖区如何管理？谁是第二家园治理的关键行为者？第二家园的治理发生在什么不同的规模（国际，州，地区，地方）？什么是第二家园的主要主题/焦点/话语（例如人/财产/资本）？第二套住房的多尺度治理对政策制定及其实施有何影响？

The issue of second homes is a longstanding challenge that has claimed up the political agenda once again over recent years. In Wales, the Covid pandemic and Brexit are cited as having accelerated trends in second home buying and accentuating existing tensions. The perceived negative impacts of second homes include a decrease in housing stock and increased house prices, community erosion, and population decline, which lead to service and language loss and the seasonality of community life. Since the 2021 Senedd election, the Welsh Government has announced a package of measures to address the impact of second home ownership on Wales' communities. Similar challenges and responses are also seen in other parts of Europe and beyond.Yet, responding to the challenges that second homes present is complex as it takes place at different regulatory scales, which includes the supra- and international, state, sub-state and local. Despite the fact that second homes are accepted as being a multi-scale phenomena, the interplay between different levels of administration remains under-researched. The aim of the research is to understand 1) the relationship between different scales of governance of second homes, 2) the relationship between different various social and political and societal actors, and 3) the implications these relationships have upon the ability to implement policy interventions. In developing a multi-scale perspective of second homes, the research will explore the following research questions:- How is the complex phenomenon of second homes governed in different jurisdictions?- Who are the key actors in the governance of second homes?- What are the different scales at which the governance of second homes occurs (international, state, regional, local)?- What is the primary subject/focus/discourse of second homes (e.g. people/property/capital)?- What are the implications of the multi-scalar governance of second homes for devising policy and its implementation?