Adolescent Family-Based Alcohol Prevention

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究检查了两种基于理论的普遍家庭预防计划的功效和有效性，这些计划已显示出减少青少年饮酒和其他用途：家庭事务（FM）的功效。（Bauman，1996年）和（爱荷华州）加强家庭方案（Spoth，1999年），当随机分配到两种不同条件之一的家庭时：一个家庭“选择”条件（两组-FM或SFP）和一个传统的随机对照试验条件（三组-FM，SFP和控制）称为“分配”条件。将比较两种条件（选择与分配）在以下方面的差异：（a）与酒精使用和相关行为有关的青少年结果;（B）参与者的家庭特征;（c）家庭招募，保留和完成率;（d）方案实施成本。样本来自北方加州的四个医疗中心之一的Kaiser Permanente医疗保健计划（KP）中目前登记有11岁或12岁儿童的家庭（N=725）。在项目实施之前，将与家长和青少年进行初步面对面访谈（单独），并将通过电话与家长和青少年进行两次后续访谈（12个月和24个月后）。卫生保健系统是一个重要的新模式，提供青少年酒精使用预防计划的家庭。该项目的具体目标将对执行问题和可行性进行真实的世界检验。最后，选择条件代表了一个创新的，现实的条件下，家庭参与传统的实验研究设计协议之外的决定。根据个人偏好选择治疗可以增加患者的自主性和自我效能感，从而改善结果（威廉姆斯，1998; Clarke，1999）。社会认知理论和自我调节的原则提供了这些心理结构和行为选择/健康结果之间的联系（班杜拉，1986;克拉克和齐默尔曼，1990）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study examines the efficacy and effectiveness of two theory based, universal family prevention programs that have shown efficacy for reducing adolescent alcohol and other drug use: Family Matters (FM) (Bauman, 1996) and (Iowa) Strengthening Families Program (Spoth, 1999) when implemented with families randomly assigned to one of two different conditions: a family "choice" condition (two-groups--FM or SFP) and a traditional random control trial condition (three groups--FM, SFP, and control) called the "assigned" condition. The two conditions (choice vs. assigned) will be compared for differences in: (a) adolescent outcomes related to alcohol use and related behaviors; (b) family characteristics for those who participate; (c) family recruitment, retention and completion rates; (d) costs for program implementation. The sample is drawn from families (N=725) with a child aged 11 or 12 currently enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Health Care Plan (KP), in one of four medical centers in Northern California. An initial face-to-face interview will be conducted (separately) with the parent and adolescent prior to program delivery and two follow-up interviews (12 and 24 months later) will be conducted over the telephone with the parent and adolescent (separately). The health care system represents an important new mode for delivering adolescent alcohol use prevention programs to families. The specific aims of this project will provide a real world test of implementation issues and feasibility. Finally, the choice condition represents an innovative, realistic condition under which families make participation decisions outside of the traditional experimental study design protocols. Choosing a treatment based on personal preference may increase patient's sense of autonomy and self-efficacy for behavior change thereby improving outcomes (Williams,1998; Clarke, 1999). Social cognitive theory and principles of self-regulation provide a connection between these psychological constructs and behavioral choices/health outcomes (Bandura, 1986; Clark & Zimmerman, 1990).