Neural bases of automatic and controlled affective responses to smoking cues

描述(由申请者提供)：这个项目旨在更好地描述尼古丁渴望和对吸烟线索的情绪反应的神经基础。近四分之一的美国成年人吸烟，20%的美国人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。大多数开始吸烟的人发现很难戒烟。尼古丁成瘾的主要理论表明，对吸烟相关线索的情绪和动机反应--如香烟和其他吸烟者的视觉和气味--对保持尼古丁依赖非常重要。大脑成像研究已经确定了几个关键区域，这些区域对吸烟线索做出反应，并与报告的渴望和影响有关。到目前为止，对药物线索反应性的研究在很大程度上依赖于对线索做出反应的情绪和渴望的自我报告。然而，自我报告受到参与者自我反省的意愿和能力的限制。目前的项目使用了最近开发的对药物线索的情感反应的间接行为测量，结合功能神经成像(FMRI)和传统的自我报告。这种间接测量可以在大脑成像期间进行，以确定与表现相关的区域活动。研究策略是让吸烟者和不吸烟的参与者接触与吸烟相关的图像，同时记录他们的言语反应、间接行为反应和神经反应。该提案的一个独特方面是整合了几种方法，为反应的神经、行为和主观成分提供融合的证据。目标是区分皮质和皮质下的活动，这些活动对吸烟提示作出反应，并且(A)与自我报告反应唯一相关，(B)与间接测量有关，但与自我报告反应无关，(C)两者都相关，或(D)两者都不相关。这个项目利用了杜克大学和北卡罗来纳大学在杜克大学脑成像和分析中心(BIAC)实例化的密切联系。长期目标是为一个更广泛的项目奠定基础，该项目检查可报告和不可报告的神经反应，这些反应可能唯一地预测尼古丁的使用和戒断与复发。尼古丁成瘾的流行和吸烟对健康的广泛影响清楚地表明，这些考虑与吸毒成瘾和更广泛的公共健康有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project aims to better characterize the neural bases of nicotine craving and emotional responses to smoking cues. Nearly one in four American adults smokes cigarettes and twenty percent of U.S. deaths are caused by diseases linked to smoking. Most of those who start smoking find it difficult to quit. Leading theories of nicotine addiction indicate that emotional and motivational responses to smoking-related cues - such as the sight and smell of cigarettes and other smokers - are important in maintaining nicotine dependence. Brain imaging studies have identified several key regions that are responsive to smoking cues and that are related to reports of craving and affect. To date, research on drug cue reactivity has relied heavily on self-reports of emotions and cravings in response to cues. However, self-reports are limited by participants' willingness and ability to introspect. The current project uses a recently developed indirect behavioral measure of affective responses to drug cues, combined with functional neuro-imaging (fMRI) and traditional self-reports. The indirect measure can be administered during brain imaging to identify regional activity related to performance. The research strategy is to expose smokers and non-smoking participants to smoking-relates images while recording their verbal responses, indirect behavioral responses, and neural responses. A unique aspect of the proposal is integration across several methods to provide converging evidence for neural, behavioral, and subjective components of responses. The goal is to distinguish cortical and sub-cortical activity that is responsive to smoking cues and that is (a) related uniquely to self-reported responses (b) related to the indirect measure but not to self-report responses, (c) related to both or (d) neither. This project takes advantage of the close ties between Duke and UNC instantiated in the Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center (BIAC). The long-term objective is to lay the groundwork for a more extensive project examining reportable and un-reportable neural responses that may uniquely predict nicotine use and cessation versus relapse. The prevalence of nicotine addiction and the widespread health implications of smoking make clear the relevance of these considerations for drug addiction and public health more generally.