Executive Control in Implicit Attitude Measurement

内隐态度测量中的执行控制

• 批准号: 6810206
• 负责人: BRIAN KEITH PAYNE
• 金额: $ 7.24万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6810206
• 关键词: attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; clinical research; human subject; motivation; performance; prejudice; psychophysiology; racial /ethnic difference

The goal of this project is to understand the role of executive control in implicit attitude measurement. Executive control refers to the capacity to behave in strategic ways, pursuing goals while inhibiting responses that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Recent research provides evidence that executive control may act to inhibit the effect of automatic reactions on implicit test performance. An important consequence of this relationship is that differences in implicit test performance between different individuals or groups could be driven by differences in either automatic activation or executive control. Research in the last few years has demonstrated that implicit attitude measures may be to be influenced by many situational manipulations. These findings are important because they suggest that the automatic processes tapped by implicit attitude measures may be strongly determined by situations as opposed to dispositions, and highly flexible, as opposed to rigid. The guiding hypothesis of this project is that some situational contexts influence implicit test performance by affecting automatically activated associations, whereas other contexts influence the degree of executive control engaged. The process dissociation procedure will be used to separate and quantify the contributions of automatic processes and executive control. Three series of experiments will apply this method to determine those situational features which influence automatic activation, and those which influence executive control. The first series examines contexts expected to change mental associations to the attitude object. The second series examines contexts expected to affect the motivation to process strategically. The third series examines more complex situations (e.g. the presence of an African American experimenter) which might influence implicit prejudice measures through both routes.

本研究旨在探讨执行控制在内隐态度测量中的作用。执行控制是指以战略方式行事的能力，追求目标，同时抑制干扰目标导向行为的反应。最近的研究表明，执行控制可能会抑制自动反应对内隐测试成绩的影响。这种关系的一个重要后果是，不同个体或群体之间的内隐测试表现差异可能是由自动激活或执行控制的差异驱动的。 过去几年的研究表明，内隐态度测量可能是 受到许多情境操纵的影响。这些发现很重要，因为它们表明，内隐态度测量所利用的自动过程可能是由情境而不是性格强烈决定的，并且是高度灵活的，而不是僵化的。该项目的指导假设是，一些情景语境影响内隐测试的表现，通过影响自动激活的协会，而其他的情况下，影响程度的执行控制参与。过程分离程序将用于分离和量化自动过程和执行控制的贡献。 三个系列的实验将应用这种方法来确定那些情景特征， 影响自动激活，以及那些影响执行控制。第一个系列考察的背景下，预计将改变心理协会的态度对象。第二个系列考察了预期会影响战略过程动机的背景。第三个系列探讨了更复杂的情况下（例如，一个非洲裔美国人的实验者的存在），这可能会影响通过这两条路线的隐性偏见措施。